This article describes the modern technologies for the medical rehabilitation of the children presenting with neurogenic dysfunction of the bladder aimed at improving the act of urination at all levels of innervation. The most frequent variant of neurogenic dysfunction of the bladder in the children is the hyper-reflexive one; it is this variant in which the most pronounced disorders of urodynamics due to intravesical hypertension and detrusor hypoxia are observed. The urodynamic disorders are known to contribute to the formation of the characteristic clinical picture associated with the hyper-reflexive urinary bladder dysfunction in the children characterized by the mandatory urination syndrome, pollakiuria, imperative urges, and mandatory urinary incontinence in the combination with enuresis. The treatment of urinary bladder dysfunction includes both behavioural and medication therapeutic modalities. The "golden standard" for the pharmacotherapy of neurogenic bladder dysfunction of the hyper-reflexive type in the childhood is the use of M-cholinoblockers, such as oxybutynin. The popularity of the physiotherapeutic methods is attributable to their influence on the main links of pathogenesis, the absence of side effects, and the possibility of application in the children of the early age. The combined treatment of neurogenic bladder dysfunction includes the use of a wide range of physiotherapeutic methods the action of which is aimed at regulating the act of urination at all levels of innervation of the bladder, normalizing the tone of the muscles of the bladder, eliminating sphincter insufficiency, improving circulation and accelerating the maturation of the neuromuscular apparatus of the pelvic organs. At present, the natural and preformed methods of physiotherapy are finding the wide application for the management of neurogenic dysfunction of the bladder in the children in the conjunction with therapeutic physical exercises, massage, and the biological feedback (BFB) technique.

Central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) is a disease of complex origin and unknown etiology. Traditionally, two clinical forms of CSC are verified in accordance with the activity and duration of the pathological process: classic acute form and chronic CSC. Nowadays, there is no unified concept accepted for the management of patients with this disease, particular difficulties exist in cases of chronic CSC. This literature review highlights current trends and approaches to the treatment of CSC patients — from focal laser photocoagulation to physical methods oh therapy. The therapeutic approach as a whole depends on the form of the CHS. In most cases of the acute form of CSF, spontaneous regression, spontaneous adhesion of RPE detachment and retinal neuroepithelium are noted within several months from the onset of the disease. Therapy for the chronic form of this disease is still a difficult task and a controversial issue. Direct laser coagulation of the retina at the oozing point is recognized as the most effective method of therapy for acute typical form of CSF. In the chronic form of CSC, photodynamic therapy, transpupillary thermotherapy and subthreshold micropulse laser exposure are used. The goal of drug therapy for CSF is to activate the processes of resorption of serous fluid from the subretinal or subpigmented space, reduce the activity of pathological processes in the choroid, and improve trophism and metabolism. The currently used methods of treating chronic CSH have a number of disadvantages and variable efficacy. The existence of treatment-resistant cases is the subject of further research and clinical research. The development of new physical and physiopharmacological methods of treatment for CSF is perspective.

Adaptation to transauricular electrostimulation decreases the content of epinephrine in the adrenal glands and norepinephrine in the heart, hnmobilization stress has no appreciable effect on the content of catecholamines in the heart and adrenal glands. In animals with myocardial inl~arction, the content of norepinephrine in the hem"~ decreases 2-fold, while the content of epinephrine in the adrenals decreases inconsiderably. Adaptation to transauricular electrostimulation is associated with a rise in met-enkephalin concentration. Preadaptation induces a more pronounced rise of met-enkephalin and promotes normalization of epinephrine hi the adrenals, without changing the content of norepinephrine in the hem~.

61 НАУЧНЫЙ ОБЗОРГалотерапия (галоаэрозольная терапия) являет-ся одним из эффективных и наиболее физиологич-ных методов профилактики, лечения и медицин-ской реабилитации детей с различными заболевани-ями. Галотерапия (от греч. hals -соль) -это неме-дикаментозный метод лечения в условиях искус-ственного микроклимата соляных спелеолечебниц [1,2].Действующим фактором данного вида терапии является галоаэрозоль, воспроизводимый в широ-ком диапазоне концентраций (от 0,5 до 10 мг/м 3 ). К числу важных компонентов, определяющих тера-певтическую эффективность метода, относятся по-казатели концентрации (плотности) и размера ча-стиц аэрозоля [1,2]. Респирабельная фракция (ча-стицы размером от 1 до 5 мкм), составляющая более 90% частиц аэродисперсной среды, позволяет про-никать в самые глубокие отделы дыхательных путей.Дополнительный лечебный эффект галотерапии достигается в связи с приобретением частицами га-лоаэрозоля высокой поверхностной энергии и отри-цательного электрического заряда благодаря дис-пергационному способу его образования. Взаимо-действие таких частиц с молекулами воздуха приво-дит к его аэроионизации. Легкие отрицательные ионы являются дополнительным фактором терапев- Статья посвящена современным возможностям применения галотерапии в целях профилактики, лечения и медицинской реабилитации детей с различными заболеваниями. В работе описаны биофизические свойства основного действующего фактора галотерапии -сухого высокодисперсного аэрозоля хлорида натрия и особенности механизма его лечебного действия. В последние годы ведется активная деятельность по разработке новых эффективных методов воспроизведения аэродисперсной среды: галотерапия может проводиться по индивидуальной (галоингаляции) или групповой (в условиях галокамеры или галокабинета) методике. Отмечены противовоспалительное, дренирующее, муколитическое, иммуномо-дулирующее и саногенетическое действия галотерапии. Определена высокая эффективность профилактического приме-нения галотерапии у часто болеющих детей. Данный вид терапии применяется при лечении острых респираторных забо-леваний и в комплексной медицинской реабилитации детей с хронической ЛОР-патологией, болезнями органов дыхания, заболеваниями кожи. В статье представлены оптимальные технологии проведения различных видов галотерапии. This article is focused on the modern possibilities for the application of halotherapy with a view to prevention, treatment and rehabilitation of the children with special reference to the main bio-physical properties of the principal active factors of halotherapy including dry finely-dispersed sodium chloride aerosols and specific features of the mechanism of their therapeutic action. The extensive studies have been underway in the recent years for the purpose of development of the new effective methods for the reconstitution of the aerodispersive environment. Halotherapy can be provided either on an individual (haloinhalation) or a group (exposition in the halochambers and halorooms basis. Halotherapy has been shown to produce well apparent anti-inflammatory, drai...