Some Thoughts on Modelling Hail Impact on Surfaces

Macdonald, J. R.; Stack, Margaret

doi:10.1007/s40735-020-00458-4

Cited by 14 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 16 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Since no radar-based proxy corresponds accurately to hail size or energy, the calibration in the following section is based on empirical hazard vs. damage relationships, rather than physical considerations of the vulnerability of building materials to hail sizes (e.g. Stucki and Egli, 2007;Macdonald and Stack, 2021).…”

Section: Evaluation Of Radar-based Hail Intensity Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

An open-source radar-based hail damage model for buildings and cars

Schmid,

Portmann,

Villiger

et al. 2024

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. Severe hailstorms result in substantial damage to buildings and vehicles, necessitating the quantification of associated risks. Here, we present a novel open-source hail damage model for buildings and cars based on single-polarization radar data and 250 000 geolocated hail damage reports in Switzerland from 2002 to 2021. To this end, we conduct a detailed evaluation of different radar-based hail intensity measures at 1 km resolution and find that the maximum expected severe hail size (MESHS) outperforms the other measures, despite a considerable false-alarm ratio. Asset-specific hail damage impact functions for buildings and cars are calibrated based on MESHS and incorporated into the open-source risk modelling platform CLIMADA. The model successfully estimates the correct order of magnitude for the number of damaged building in 91 %, their total cost in 77 %, the number of damaged vehicles in 74 %, and their total cost in 60 % of over 100 considered large hail events. We found considerable uncertainties in hail damage estimates, which are largely attributable to limitations of radar-based hail detection. Therefore, we explore the usage of crowdsourced hail reports and find substantially improved spatial representation of severe hail for individual events. By highlighting the potential and limitations of radar-based hail size estimates, particularly MESHS, and the utilization of an open-source risk modelling platform, this study represents a significant step towards addressing the gap in risk quantification associated with severe hail events in Switzerland.

show abstract

Section: Evaluation Of Radar-based Hail Intensity Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

An open-source radar-based hail damage model for buildings and cars

Schmid,

Portmann,

Villiger

et al. 2024

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Hailstones, unlike rain droplets, are relatively larger, heavier and harder and can cause delamination, permanent indentations, surface cracking and in worst cases can also penetrate the composite laminate of wind turbine blades [42,97,98]. The damage from hailstones mostly occurs on the leading edge of wind turbine blades [61,99,100]. Hailstones in nature are not monolithic ice balls.…”

Section: Hydrometeors Collisionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of impact loads on composite wind turbine blades: Impact threats and classification

Verma

Yan

et al. 2023

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…Thus, fidelity is especially important during periods of high RR and high wind speeds. Impacts from hailstones may be particularly important to accumulated material stresses, due to their hardness and large diameter [11,12]. The maximum stress from the impact of a 10 mm hailstone on a WT blade has been shown to be much greater than that from a similarly sized rain droplet with the same closing velocity [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

From Hydrometeor Size Distribution Measurements to Projections of Wind Turbine Blade Leading-Edge Erosion

Letson

Pryor

2023

Energies

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Wind turbine blade leading-edge erosion (LEE) is a cause of increased operation and maintenance costs and decreased annual energy production. Thus, detailed, site-specific quantification of likely erosion conditions are critically needed to inform wind plant owner/operator decisions regarding mitigation strategies. Estimating the damage potential at a wind plant site requires accurate measurement of precipitation intensity, phase, droplet size distributions, wind speeds and their joint statistics. The current work quantifies the effect of disdrometer type on the characterization of LEE potential at a site in the US Southern Great Plains. using observations from three co-located disdrometers (an optical, an impact and a video disdrometer), along with hub-height wind-speed observations from a Doppler lidar and two LEE models: a kinetic energy model and the Springer model. Estimates of total kinetic energy of hydrometeor impacts over the four-year study period vary by as much as 38%, and coating lifetime derived from accumulated distance-to-failure estimates from the Springer model differ by an even greater amount, depending on disdrometer type. Damage potential at this site is concentrated in time, with 50% of impact kinetic energy occurring in 6–12 h per year, depending on which set of disdrometer observations is used. Rotor-speed curtailment during the most erosive 0.1–0.2% of 10 min periods is found to increase blade lifetimes and lead to the lowest levelized cost of energy.

show abstract

Some Thoughts on Modelling Hail Impact on Surfaces

Cited by 14 publications

References 16 publications

An open-source radar-based hail damage model for buildings and cars

An open-source radar-based hail damage model for buildings and cars

A review of impact loads on composite wind turbine blades: Impact threats and classification

From Hydrometeor Size Distribution Measurements to Projections of Wind Turbine Blade Leading-Edge Erosion

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About