SOMOS: evaluation of an HIV prevention intervention for Latino gay men

Abstract

Latino gay men face multiple barriers to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevention, in particular a lack of intervention programs that integrate prevention messages with cultural norms and address issues of social marginalization from multiple communities (gay community and Latino community), homophobia and racism. In order to address these specific issues, a multilayered HIV intervention was designed to incorporate and integrate psychosocial and community factors through multiple session groups, social marketing and community presentations. Participants learned strategies for effective community leadership and were encouraged to provide HIV education and address internalized homophobia in their communities. There were a total of 113 Latino gay male participants. Pretests and post-tests at 90-day follow-up were administered to measure knowledge, attitudes and behaviors related to HIV infection, self-efficacy, internalized homophobia and connectedness (i.e. gay community affiliation and social provisions); a risk index was calculated to measure level of behavioral risk for HIV infection. Participants demonstrated lower risk indices and a decrease in partners at 3 and 6 months after the intervention. There was also an increase in reported social support resources, along with an increase in group identification. Connectedness was a strong predictor of the number of sexual partners at the 90-day follow-up. This homegrown program represents a culturally responsive, highly needed and relevant intervention that should be subjected to further rigorous testing.

Internalized Homonegativity: A Systematic Mapping Review of Empirical Research

“…We identified four studies that examined diverse programs for the prevention and reduction of IH (Lin & Israel, 2012;Ross, Doctor, Dimito, Kuehl, & Armstrong, 2008;Vega, Spieldenner, DeLeon, Nieto, & Stroman, 2011;Yadavaia & Hayes, 2012).…”

Documentation Status as a Contextual Determinant of HIV Risk Among Young Transgender Latinas

“…21 Although studies have included African American and Latina TW in their samples, 2,15,22,23 few have assessed contextual determinants of HIV specific to these groups. 24,25 Documentation status (legal authorization to live in the United States) is sometimes mentioned as a limitation for recruiting or retaining immigrant (noncitizen who lives in the United States) Latino/a sexual minorities in prevention and treatment, [26][27][28][29] but not as a contextual determinant of the HIV-related syndemic among transgender immigrant Latinas. For example, a prior study showed higher depressive symptoms and needs for social support among transgender Latinas compared to African Americans and Whites.…”

What Reduces Sexual Minority Stress? A Review of the Intervention “Toolkit”

“…Two (4.5%) interventions were designed to reduce sexual minority stressors and bolster coping resources and strategies simultaneously. The interventions were designed to affect change at various levels of the ecological social system, including several that simultaneously intervened at structural, interpersonal, and individual levels (e.g., Finkel et al, 2003;Vega et al, 2011). Table 1 also provides descriptive information about the methodologies used to evaluate intervention efficacy.…”