Sonographic diagnosis of cephalothoracopagus in a triplet pregnancy.

Conjoined twins in a triplet pregnancy: early prenatal diagnosis with three‐dimensional ultrasound and review of the literature

“…Chorionicity was specifically stated or could be inferred from the report in 10 cases, with four pregnancies, including one of ours, being classified as monochorionic14, 19, 21. The type of conjoining, according to Spencer's classification23, was thoracopagus in six cases, including one of ours14, 15, 19, 21, 22, cephalopagus in four cases, including one of ours7, 8, 11, and one each of dicephalic parapagus10, craniopagus13 and unspecified9.…”

“…In order to review the impact of prenatal diagnosis on the prognosis of the non‐conjoined triplet, a Medline search of the English‐language literature using the terms ‘conjoined twins’ and ‘triplet pregnancy’ was performed. Sixteen articles describing a similar number of cases were identified7–22. Three cases in which the diagnosis was not made prenatally12, 16, 18 and two cases involving an acardiac fetus17, 20 were subsequently excluded from our analysis.…”

“…Regarding management, four women underwent termination of the whole pregnancy9–11, 21, including one with a monochorionic‐monoamniotic triplet pregnancy in which the non‐conjoined fetus had multiple anomalies21. Three women continued the pregnancy; two of them delivered before 32 weeks7, 8 and one delivered at 36 weeks19. Selective termination of the conjoined twins was carried out in two monochorionic pregnancies, including one of ours14, with poor outcome in both cases.…”

Conjoined Twins in a Triplet Pregnancy: A Case Report

“…Ultrasound was used to make the diagnosis in the first trimester in six cases (46%) [2, 4–7], in the second trimester in six cases (46%) [8–14], and in the third trimester in the remaining case (8%) [15]. Four of the patients chose to terminate the entire pregnancy (31%).…”

Anencephaly with encephalocele in craniopagus twins: prenatal diagnosis by ultrasonography and computed tomography.

“…This unusual case of anencephalic craniopagus twins with a central conjoining encephalocele was diagnosed in utero and confirmed by CT. The use of ultrasouography in the prenatal diagnosis of thoracopagus, i .l> cephalothoracopagus, 9 xipho-omphalopagus, 11 • 12 and thoraco-omphalopagus 10 • 13 • 1 " conjoined twins has been previously reported. However, most of the described sonographic criteria for conjoined twins 1 are not applicable to twins joined at the head.…”