Sonography of subependymal cysts in congenital rubella syndrome

Beltinger, Christian; Saule, H

doi:10.1007/bf00441403

Cited by 32 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…This is consistent with evidence pointing to disorder of neuronal migration in schizophrenia [56]–[58], disrupted connectivity in schizophrenia [59], [60] and striatal and ventricular morphological differences in schizophrenia [29], [30], [61], [62]. Further evidence that the germinal matrix is especially vulnerable to inflammatory mediators comes from observations of subependymal cysts at the head of the caudate following congenital rubella infection [63]. As mentioned earlier, prenatal rubella infection is strongly associated with schizophrenia [1] and subependymal cysts have also been reported in children with autism who had congenital infection [64].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Prenatal Immune Challenge Is an Environmental Risk Factor for Brain and Behavior Change Relevant to Schizophrenia: Evidence from MRI in a Mouse Model

et al. 2009

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ObjectivesMaternal infection during pregnancy increases risk of severe neuropsychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia and autism, in the offspring. The most consistent brain structural abnormality in patients with schizophrenia is enlarged lateral ventricles. However, it is unknown whether the aetiology of ventriculomegaly in schizophrenia involves prenatal infectious processes. The present experiments tested the hypothesis that there is a causal relationship between prenatal immune challenge and emergence of ventricular abnormalities relevant to schizophrenia in adulthood.MethodWe used an established mouse model of maternal immune activation (MIA) by the viral mimic PolyI:C administered in early (day 9) or late (day 17) gestation. Automated voxel-based morphometry mapped cerebrospinal fluid across the whole brain of adult offspring and the results were validated by manual region-of-interest tracing of the lateral ventricles. Parallel behavioral testing determined the existence of schizophrenia-related sensorimotor gating abnormalities.ResultsPolyI:C-induced immune activation, in early but not late gestation, caused marked enlargement of lateral ventricles in adulthood, without affecting total white and grey matter volumes. This early exposure disrupted sensorimotor gating, in the form of prepulse inhibition. Identical immune challenge in late gestation resulted in significant expansion of 4th ventricle volume but did not disrupt sensorimotor gating.ConclusionsOur results provide the first experimental evidence that prenatal immune activation is an environmental risk factor for adult ventricular enlargement relevant to schizophrenia. The data indicate immune-associated environmental insults targeting early foetal development may have more extensive neurodevelopmental impact than identical insults in late prenatal life.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Prenatal Immune Challenge Is an Environmental Risk Factor for Brain and Behavior Change Relevant to Schizophrenia: Evidence from MRI in a Mouse Model

et al. 2009

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“…The usefulness of screening newborns with subependymal pseudocysts or choroid plexus cysts for congenital infections or chromosomal anomalies is still under discussion. Some studies have suggested a relationship between laterality or number of cysts and the presence of an underlying pathology 3 4. However these findings are often incidental and the need for further investigations may be unclear.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnostic value of subependymal pseudocysts and choroid plexus cysts on neonatal cerebral ultrasound: a meta-analysis

Álvarez

Amess

Gandhi

et al. 2009

Archives of Disease in Childhood - Fetal and Neonatal Edition

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“…Connate cysts in the germinal matrix are thought to be the resultsof germinolytic changes that are caused by a number of pathologicalfactors, including infective fetopathy (cytomegalovirus(CMV), rubella) 1−7 , metabolicdisorders 8 , prenatal asphyxia 3 and anomaly of the karyotype 3,4,9 . Choroid plexus cystssometimes develop in the second trimester and then regress towardsthe third trimester, rarely persisting until term 10,11 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical features of infants with subependymal germinolysis and choroid plexus cysts

Herini¹,

Tsuneishi²,

Takada³

et al. 2003

Pediatr Int

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Background : Periventricular cysts arenot rare findings in neonates. However, they are sometimes associated withserious clinical complications, such as congenital viral infectionsand anomalies. Methods : We performed a retrospectivefollow‐up study on newborns who had periventricular cysts on routinecranial ultrasound examination. Results : We followed 13 infants (threepreterm) with periventricular cysts. Ten had single or multiple germinolysiscysts and the remaining three had choroid plexus cysts. All infantshad various kinds of underlying complications, including congenitalviral infection (two with cytomegalovirus and one with rubella),Sotos syndrome (n = 4), intrauterinegrowth retardation (n = 5), large‐for‐dates(n = 4), congenital heart disease (n = 1),myelomeningocele (n = 1) and other minoranomalies. All cases of germinolysis except for one developed aneurodevelopmental abnormality and/or delay. In contrast,all three cases with choroid plexus cysts appeared to develop well,despite the underlying complications. Conclusions : Germinolysis cysts seem tobe associated with systemic diseases and should be treated as a high‐risksign for impaired neurological development.

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Sonography of subependymal cysts in congenital rubella syndrome

Cited by 32 publications

References 9 publications

Prenatal Immune Challenge Is an Environmental Risk Factor for Brain and Behavior Change Relevant to Schizophrenia: Evidence from MRI in a Mouse Model

Prenatal Immune Challenge Is an Environmental Risk Factor for Brain and Behavior Change Relevant to Schizophrenia: Evidence from MRI in a Mouse Model

Diagnostic value of subependymal pseudocysts and choroid plexus cysts on neonatal cerebral ultrasound: a meta-analysis

Clinical features of infants with subependymal germinolysis and choroid plexus cysts

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