Sonochemistry is a multidisciplinary and an emerging research field that has potential applications in many areas that include chemistry, physics, biology, materials, food science, engineering, and medicine. The primary focus of this article is to provide a basic, textbook-type introduction highlighting the fundamental aspects and selected applications of sonochemistry. The purpose of this article is not to provide a full literature review, but to give the readers a birds' eye view of the basics of acoustic cavitation and selected examples of applied sonochemistry. Extensive review articles and book chapters are available that provide in depth analysis of current literature in various topics.