Sonophotocatalysis with Photoactive Nanomaterials for Wastewater Treatment and Bacteria Disinfection

Moradi, Shapour; Rodríguez‐Seco, Cristina; Hayati, Farzan; Ma, Dongling

doi:10.1021/acsnanoscienceau.2c00058

Cited by 17 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 132 publications

(241 reference statements)

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“…Ultrasound source can continuously remove the surface of NPs from any contaminants, which speeds up the decomposition of the phenol via enhancing the mass transfer of phenol to the NP surface from the reactor. Importantly, ultrasound irradiation prevents the agglomeration of NPs; therefore, more visible light would be absorbed by NPs 33–35 . Scheme 1 depicts the mechanism of sonophotocatalytic degradation of phenol based on the abovementioned points regarding our experiments and related references.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Importantly, ultrasound irradiation prevents the agglomeration of NPs; therefore, more visible light would be absorbed by NPs. [33][34][35] Scheme 1 depicts the mechanism of sonophotocatalytic degradation of phenol based on the abovementioned points regarding our experiments and related references.…”

Section: Mechanism Of Phenol Degradation During Sonophotocatalytic Pr...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cu:TiO₂ nanoparticles prepared by planetary ball mill with enhanced sonophotocatalytic performance with visible light

Ayremlou,

Darbandi,

Shaabani

2023

J Am Ceram Soc.

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In this research, pure and Cu(II)‐doped TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized via a simple and nontoxic approach to fabricate a nanocatalyst for the oxidative sonophotocatalytic degradation of phenol. TiO2 NPs were prepared using a solvothermal method and doped with Cu(II) by high‐energy planetary ball mill. The as‐synthesized NPs were identified and characterized by X‐ray diffraction, energy‐dispersive X‐ray, and transmission electron microscopy techniques. The doped NPs were used for the first time in pollutant decomposition using phenol as a model pollutant in low‐energy and low‐frequency ultrasound at room temperature and pH = 7 in the presence of visible light. The progress of the pollutant degradation was followed by UV–Vis spectrophotometry. After about 60 min of sonophotocatalytic process (dual irradiation [visible light + ultrasound] in the presence of doped NPs), around 75% of the phenol degraded, with a rate constant of about 0.024 min−1. The sonophotocatalytic process was compared with photocatalysis and sonocatalysis processes conducted in the same conditions. Importantly, the combination of visible light and ultrasound irradiation in a sonophotocatalytic decomposition reaction represented about 58% of the synergy effect, demonstrating a positive synergy between the photocatalytic and sonocatalytic processes. The optimum condition was used to degrade the commercial sample (amoxicillin) with excellent performance. The reusability test represented the excellent stability of doped catalysts within four consecutive runs with less fading in their sonophotocatalytic reaction. This feature proves the reusability potential of the doped catalyst to be used in the commercial and industrial directions. The performance of the doped catalyst was affected severely by the addition of different scavengers, and based on the results, the sonophotocatalytic mechanism was discussed.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mechanism Of Phenol Degradation During Sonophotocatalytic Pr...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cu:TiO₂ nanoparticles prepared by planetary ball mill with enhanced sonophotocatalytic performance with visible light

Ayremlou,

Darbandi,

Shaabani

2023

J Am Ceram Soc.

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“…The high ROS generation efficiency in sonophotocatalytic treatment contributes to the versatility of the process i.e., treatment of a range of water pollutants. Additionally, sonophotocatalysis eliminates some of the main disadvantages observed in each individual technique including high costs, sluggish activity, and prolonged reaction times ( Moradi et al, 2022 ). The synergy between the ultrasound and light irradiation moreover causes an enhanced photocatalyst activity due to the ultrasonic separation of photocatalyst particles, which in turn increases the surface area of the photocatalyst for increased exposure to light ( Yetim and Tekin, 2017 ).…”

Section: Efficiency and Enhancement Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, ultrasound can be used as an irradiation source to induce sonocatalytic activity in the photocatalysts even if light radiation is blocked because of trapping of the photocatalyst in the pores of its support ( Joseph et al, 2009 ). Lastly, ultrasound helps in catalyst cleaning and regeneration ( Moradi et al, 2022 ). This possibly increases the available active sites and thus enhances the light absorption and catalyst reusability efficiency.…”

Section: Efficiency and Enhancement Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances on sonophotocatalysis as a water and wastewater treatment technique: efficiency, challenges and process optimisation

Mapukata,

Ntsendwana,

Mokhena

et al. 2023

Front. Chem.

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Due to water shortage and increased water pollution, various methods are being explored to improve water quality by treating contaminants. Sonophotocatalysis is a combination of two individual water treatment processes i.e., photocatalysis and sonocatalysis. With advantages including shorter reaction times and enhanced activity, this technique shows possible futuristic applications as an efficient water treatment technology. Herein, background insight on sonophotocalysis as a water and wastewater treatment technique as well as the general mechanism of activity is explained. The commonly used catalysts for sonophotocatalytic applications as well as their synthesis pathways are also briefly discussed. Additionally, the utilisation of sonophotocatalysis for the disinfection of various microbial species as well as treatment of wastewater pollutants including organic (dyes, pharmaceuticals and pesticides) and inorganic species (heavy metals) is deliberated. This review also gives a critical analysis of the efficiency, enhancement strategies as well as challenges and outlooks in this field. It is thus intended to give insight to researchers in the context of facilitating future developments in the field of water treatment, and advancing sonophotocatalysis towards large-scale implementation and commercialization.

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“…Ultrasonication in liquid media creates microbubbles and powerful jets, highly increasing pressure and temperature locally. These ultrasonic waves break down the weak van der Waals forces of g-C 3 N 4 layers, leading to the formation of nanosheets [ 67 , 68 ]. The presence of dangling hydrogens among multilayer C 3 N 4 makes polar solvents, such as water, ethanol, and ammonia, more effective for ion intercalation [ 69 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the Remarkably High Photocatalytic Efficiency of Ultra-Thin Porous Graphitic Carbon Nitride Nanosheets

Kalantari Bolaghi,

Rodriguez-Seco,

Yurtsever

et al. 2024

Nanomaterials

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Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) is a metal-free photocatalyst used for visible-driven hydrogen production, CO2 reduction, and organic pollutant degradation. In addition to the most attractive feature of visible photoactivity, its other benefits include thermal and photochemical stability, cost-effectiveness, and simple and easy-scale-up synthesis. However, its performance is still limited due to its low absorption at longer wavelengths in the visible range, and high charge recombination. In addition, the exfoliated nanosheets easily aggregate, causing the reduction in specific surface area, and thus its photoactivity. Herein, we propose the use of ultra-thin porous g-C3N4 nanosheets to overcome these limitations and improve its photocatalytic performance. Through the optimization of a novel multi-step synthetic protocol, based on an initial thermal treatment, the use of nitric acid (HNO3), and an ultrasonication step, we were able to obtain very thin and well-tuned material that yielded exceptional photodegradation performance of methyl orange (MO) under visible light irradiation, without the need for any co-catalyst. About 96% of MO was degraded in as short as 30 min, achieving a normalized apparent reaction rate constant (k) of 1.1 × 10−2 min−1mg−1. This represents the highest k value ever reported using C3N4-based photocatalysts for MO degradation, based on our thorough literature search. Ultrasonication in acid not only prevents agglomeration of g-C3N4 nanosheets but also tunes pore size distribution and plays a key role in this achievement. We also studied their performance in a photocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), achieving a production of 1842 µmol h−1 g−1. Through a profound analysis of all the samples’ structure, morphology, and optical properties, we provide physical insight into the improved performance of our optimized porous g-C3N4 sample for both photocatalytic reactions. This research may serve as a guide for improving the photocatalytic activity of porous two-dimensional (2D) semiconductors under visible light irradiation.

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Sonophotocatalysis with Photoactive Nanomaterials for Wastewater Treatment and Bacteria Disinfection

Cited by 17 publications

References 132 publications

Cu:TiO₂ nanoparticles prepared by planetary ball mill with enhanced sonophotocatalytic performance with visible light

Cu:TiO₂ nanoparticles prepared by planetary ball mill with enhanced sonophotocatalytic performance with visible light

Advances on sonophotocatalysis as a water and wastewater treatment technique: efficiency, challenges and process optimisation

Exploring the Remarkably High Photocatalytic Efficiency of Ultra-Thin Porous Graphitic Carbon Nitride Nanosheets

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Sonophotocatalysis with Photoactive Nanomaterials for Wastewater Treatment and Bacteria Disinfection

Cited by 17 publications

References 132 publications

Cu:TiO2 nanoparticles prepared by planetary ball mill with enhanced sonophotocatalytic performance with visible light

Cu:TiO2 nanoparticles prepared by planetary ball mill with enhanced sonophotocatalytic performance with visible light

Advances on sonophotocatalysis as a water and wastewater treatment technique: efficiency, challenges and process optimisation

Exploring the Remarkably High Photocatalytic Efficiency of Ultra-Thin Porous Graphitic Carbon Nitride Nanosheets

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Cu:TiO₂ nanoparticles prepared by planetary ball mill with enhanced sonophotocatalytic performance with visible light

Cu:TiO₂ nanoparticles prepared by planetary ball mill with enhanced sonophotocatalytic performance with visible light