Soot formation in shock-tube pyrolysis of acetylene, allene, and 1,3-butadiene☆

Frenklach, Michael; Taki, Sadao; Durgaprasad, M.; Matula, Richard A.

doi:10.1016/0010-2180(83)90024-x

Cited by 177 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 11 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Because of these advantages, shock tubes have been extensively used to study the reaction chemistry preceding the inception of soot (Kern and Xie 1991), the formation of soot upon combustion of saturated, unsaturated, and aromatic hydrocarbons (Frenklach et al 1983;Kellerer et al 1996;Agafonov et al 2011), and also the effects of various additives, such as oxygenated organics or ceria oxide nanoparticles on the soot yield (Alexiou and Williams 1996;Hong et al 2009;Rotavera et al 2009). Although the laser light extinction and scattering diagnostics can be used to quantify the minute and time-dependent details of the soot generation process, such as the growth of primary soot spherules (Kellerer et al 1996), it is often not possible to observe late processes, such as coagulation and condensation, which may significantly change the chemical composition, mixing state, and morphology of particles when soot in the test section of the shock tube is cooled by the driver gas.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Soot Aerosol Produced from Combustion of Propane in a Shock Tube

Khalizov¹,

Hogan²,

Qiu³

et al. 2012

Aerosol Science and Technology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The knowledge of yields and properties of soot from combustion of hydrocarbon fuels is crucial for accurate evaluation of the impacts of primary aerosols on air quality and climate. This study presents measurements of soot generated from combustion of propane in a shock tube, using independently adjustable fuel equivalence ratio (φ), temperature, and pressure. The characterization of soot yields inside the shock tube by in situ laser extinction is complemented with a set of comprehensive measurements of soot transferred into a fluoropolymer chamber, including particle size distributions, elemental carbon (EC) mass fraction, effective density, mass fractal dimension (Dfm), dynamic shape factor (χ ), and optical properties. The properties of soot particles and the soot yield are sensitive to combustion conditions and the duration of the combustion experiment. High-temperature combustion with φ = 2.5 produces small fractal (Dfm = 2) soot particles composed mainly of EC (up to 90%), at a low mass yield. Particles from lower temperature combustion contain a significant fraction of organic material (∼50%). Using rich fuel mixtures (φ = 4.0 and 8.0) significantly increases particle size and soot mass yield. At lower temperatures, compact (Dfm = 3) and nearly spherical (χ = 1.1) aggregates with high organic content are formed, whereas at higher temperatures, the particles are fractal and closely resemble those obtained using φ = 2.5. Single scattering albedo (SSA) varies from 0.15 for fractal particles to 0.75 for compact particles. For soot generated at high equivalence ratios, SSA can be used as a proxy for particle morphology and EC content.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Soot Aerosol Produced from Combustion of Propane in a Shock Tube

Khalizov¹,

Hogan²,

Qiu³

et al. 2012

Aerosol Science and Technology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…If, instead, the growth species were acetylene, then for fuels other than acetylene, the pyrolysis reactions leading to the growth species must be included in the model. The activation energy, E a, determined by Frenklach et a L [7] for acetylene was about 126 kJ/mol. This is to be compared with a value of about 500 kJ/mol for the free radical growth model.…”

Section: Comparison With Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…For this model, the size distribution function, Rj' can also be obtained. The rate equations for the species Rj are given by (7) dRj/dZ R j _ 1 -R j where dZ k 2Fdt. Solving this set of linear equations sequentially, we obtain k 1~j -1 Zi -zJ…”

Section: Free Radical Soot Growth Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Global Soot Growth Model

Mulholland¹

1986

Fire Saf. Sci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Analytical results for soot concentration, average particle size, and a of the size distribution are obtained for a free radical soot growth model which includes a constant nucleation source, growth, and coagulation. Results are obtained with and without coagulation included and for a size independent growth rate as well as growth rate proportional to the surface area. Neither this model nor a nucleation pulse model is able to account for all the results on soot formation for shock tube and pyrolysis experiments.

show abstract

“…Detailed kinetic mechanisms proposed in literature may consist of hundreds of species and reactions. Typically, these investigations include shock tube pyrolysis of acetylene [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] and pyrolysis in flow systems [13][14][15]. The deposition of pyrolytic carbon from various hydrocarbons has also been described by some researchers [16][17][18][19][20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelingof Acetylene Pyrolysis under Steel Vacuum Carburizing Conditions in a Tubular Flow Reactor

et al. 2007

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract:In the present work, the pyrolysis of acetylene was studied under steel vacuum carburizing conditions in a tubular flow reactor. The pyrolysis temperature ranged from 650 °C to 1050 °C. The partial pressure of acetylene in the feed mixture was 10 and 20 mbar, respectively, while the rest of the mixture consisted of nitrogen. The total pressure of the mixture was 1.6 bar. A kinetic mechanism which consists of seven species and nine reactions has been used in the commercial computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software Fluent. The species transport and reaction model of Fluent was used in the simulations. A comparison of simulated and experimental results is presented in this paper

show abstract

Soot formation in shock-tube pyrolysis of acetylene, allene, and 1,3-butadiene☆

Cited by 177 publications

References 11 publications

Characterization of Soot Aerosol Produced from Combustion of Propane in a Shock Tube

Characterization of Soot Aerosol Produced from Combustion of Propane in a Shock Tube

Global Soot Growth Model

Modelingof Acetylene Pyrolysis under Steel Vacuum Carburizing Conditions in a Tubular Flow Reactor

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About