Soot formation in turbulent swirl-stabilized spray flames in a model combustor fueled with n-butanol/Jet A-1 blends

Rault, Taylor M.; Vishwanath, Rahul B.; Gülder, Ömer L.

doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2020.119452

Cited by 15 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…This mainly attributes to that the n-butanol has lower density and viscosity, but it also has higher latent heat of evaporation, which would produce opposite impact on the spray evaporation depending on the n-butanol proportion. 40 Adding a small proportion of n-butanol into the biodiesel is beneficial for enhancing the fuels’ breakup and atomization. The spray in the thin diffusion region evaporates more rapidly, but the spray with a higher concentration requires a longer time to evaporate.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental study on spray diffusion characteristics at various biodiesel-butanol blended ratios and ambient conditions

Zhang

Xia

Wang

et al. 2022

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part A:

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The depletion of fossil fuels and stringent emission regulations have encouraged the development of renewable fuels, especially biodiesel and alcohols fuels. The aim of the investigation is to explore the spray diffusion characteristics at different biodiesel-butanol blended ratios (0, 10%, 30%, 50%), ambient temperatures (600 K, 700K, 800 K) and pressures (1 MPa, 3MPa, 5 MPa). The experiment was carried out in a constant-volume combustion chamber. The liquid- and vapor-phase spray images were captured by backlight illumination and schlieren imaging technique, respectively. The axial, radial and spatial diffusion characteristics were analyzed, including spray penetration, cone angle, area, R-parameter and perimeter ratio. Results show that in the case of biodiesel mixed with 10% n-butanol, for liquid-phase spray, the liquid-core spray with high concentration has the largest impact on axial diffusion, and for vapor-phase spray, axial dispersion is slower and radial diffusion is faster. The fuel density and ambient temperature have a more significant impact on the liquid-phase axial dispersion at the steady-state compared with ambient pressure and injection pressure. At lower ambient pressures, increasing the injection pressure can accelerate the radial diffusion and increase the spray cone angle, which is opposite of the variation law at higher ambient pressures. The radial spray has a faster diffusion with adding a small or middle proportion of n-butanol, and the maximum values of liquid- and vapor-phase cone angles appear at biodiesel blended with 30% and 10% n-butanol, respectively. Moreover, the axial diffusion plays a dominant role in the spray spatial dispersion.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental study on spray diffusion characteristics at various biodiesel-butanol blended ratios and ambient conditions

Zhang

Xia

Wang

et al. 2022

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part A:

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show abstract

“…They also reported that peak instantaneous and average f 𝑣 in the ethylene flames were an order of magnitude greater than what was detected in these kerosene flames [16]. Wang, Raoult, and coworkers [17][18][19][20] have recently reported several studies on the same turbulent swirlstabilized combustor as [3] using Jet A-1 fuels. Wang et al [17] showed the change in spray pattern as air flow rate increased, and that increased turbulent mixing and oxidation rates led to a reduction in soot formation as was seen in gaseous fuels.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

A comparison between fossil and synthetic kerosene flames from the perspective of soot emissions in a swirl spray RQL burner

Helou

Foale

Pathania

et al. 2023

Fuel

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“…This is mainly because as the injection delay time of biodiesel spray increases, more n-butanol spray cannot collide with biodiesel spray, and this part of the spray requires a longer time to evaporate completely, which leads to a larger liquid-phase area at the collision moment. 44 As the n-butanol and biodiesel sprays collide at 90°, the coalescence, bouncing or separation outcomes would appear, accelerating the droplet interaction and fuel-gas mixing. 45 However, the collision would lead to large energy loss and dropped diffusion rate, which decreases the interface area between the fuel spray and ambient gas, slowing the evaporation process.…”

Section: Collision Spray Behaviormentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental investigation on collision characteristics of dual-spray with different physical-chemical fuel properties: A case study of butanol-biodiesel fuel combination

Zhang

et al. 2023

International Journal of Engine Research

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The dual direct injection strategy can flexibly control the reactivity distributions and equivalence ratio, which shows a great potential in realizing clean and efficient combustion. However, the sprays’ collision is inevitable when the fuel sprays are injected into the combustion chamber simultaneously owing to limited in-cylinder space, which is rarely investigated. The investigation aims to explore the atomization and combustion characteristics of collision between biodiesel and butanol sprays at different injection delay times of biodiesel (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2 ms). Experiments are conducted in a constant volume combustion chamber. The collision spray and combustion images are captured by optical diagnosis techniques. Several macroscopic parameters are obtained, including spray behavior, spray area, ignition delay, ignition location, flame behavior, flame lift-off length, and natural luminosity intensity. Results show that the variation of injection delay time can effectively change the spray distribution and realize the concentration stratification. The liquid-phase diffusion region increases with an increased premixed charge of butanol spray, but the total evaporation time has a tiny difference. The sprays’ collision can promote the ignition process, but the ignition location is slightly affected by the injection delay time of biodiesel. A trade-off relationship between the vapor-phase diffusion area and combustion characteristics is found. When the injection delay time exceeds 0.5 ms, a longer injection delay time can lead to a larger vapor-phase area, which causes smaller equivalent ratio, longer flame-off length, and lower luminosity intensity. However, a longer injection delay would lead to an uncomplete combustion of the n-butanol spray. At the experimental cases, the injection delay time of biodiesel should be 1/2–2/3 injection duration to realize complete combustion and small emissions.

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Soot formation in turbulent swirl-stabilized spray flames in a model combustor fueled with n-butanol/Jet A-1 blends

Cited by 15 publications

References 54 publications

Experimental study on spray diffusion characteristics at various biodiesel-butanol blended ratios and ambient conditions

Experimental study on spray diffusion characteristics at various biodiesel-butanol blended ratios and ambient conditions

A comparison between fossil and synthetic kerosene flames from the perspective of soot emissions in a swirl spray RQL burner

Experimental investigation on collision characteristics of dual-spray with different physical-chemical fuel properties: A case study of butanol-biodiesel fuel combination

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