Soot volume fraction measurements over laminar pool flames of biofuels, diesel and blends

Abstract

Biodiesel and blends with petroleum diesel have shown their potential as renewable alternative fuels for engines, with additional benefits of low particulate matter and low sulfate emissions. In this paper we measure the soot volume fraction produced by three different methyl esters processed biodiesels (extracted from palm (PME), soy (SME) and coconut (CME)), and their blends with petroleum diesel, in a series of co-flow stabilized laminar pool flames, using laser induced-incandescence (LII) and laser extinction optical methods. The soot volume fraction measurement results show that all neat biodiesels produce only up to 33% of the total soot volume compared to pure diesel, and that the total soot volume correlates directly with the degree of unsaturation of the biodiesels. Blending leads to approximately linear behaviour of total soot volume, with a shift in slope with smaller sensitivity towards neat diesel.

Experimental and numerical study on soot formation in laminar diffusion flames of biodiesels and methyl esters

“…The composition of different types of biodiesel is measured using a gas chromatograph (GC, Agilent 7620A) based on the EN14103 standard, and listed in Table 1. The measured average formula for CP, RB, DU and GO are: [13] on unsaturation suggests that the soot yields of CP and RB are higher than DU and GO. In contrast, the two fully-saturated methyl esters of ML and MM are expected to produce the least soot.…”

“…The liquid fuels are injected into the vaporising system via a syringe pump. The mass flow rates of fuels are regulated based on the mass consumption rates of the liquid fuels in a buoyancy-induced standard pool flame as described in [13]. The values are selected as 0.1191 g/min for diesel, 0.1164 g/min for CP, 0.1036 g/min for RB, 0.1109 g/min for DU, 0.0936 g/min for GO, 0.1300 g/min for ML and 0.1145 g/min for MM.…”

“…The 2D LII measurements are performed using a setup similar to that in Ref. [13], in which the measured LII signal is quantitatively calibrated via absorption, with correction for signal-trapping. The full details of the optimisation, calibration and correction procedure of the signals are provided in the Supplementary Materials for this paper.…”

“…Diesel and two pure methyl esters are tested as references. f v of soot in tested flames is then measured using extinction-calibrated LII [12] and corrected for signal trapping effects using the algorithm developed in [13].…”

Experimental investigations on spray flames and emissions analysis of diesel and diesel/biodiesel blends for combustion in oxy‐fuel burner

“…The impact of oxygenated fuel mixture such as biodiesel on soot formation have been explored in a diffusion flame burner . In addition, the soot focus delivered by three unique wellsprings of the biodiesel and their mixes with the business diesel fuel in a costream laminar fire burner by utilising laser innovation have been accomplished . The laser diagnostic technique has been used to measure the spray, flame, and soot quantities by fueling n‐butanol and soybean biodiesel with high‐resolution images .…”