Sorption and migration of organophosphate flame retardants between sources and settled dust

Liu, Xiaoyu; Folk, Edgar

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130415

Cited by 15 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 35 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The migration of iPCBs from products to settled dust test was conducted in a 53 L stainless steel chamber consistent with the ASTM D5116 . More details of the dust chamber test settings and operations are described in the literature . The dust used for the migration test was house dust obtained from EPA’s previous projects (Table S2).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…38 More details of the dust chamber test settings and operations are described in the literature. 39 The dust used for the migration test was house dust obtained from EPA's previous projects (Table S2). It was thermally conditioned, solvent-extracted, and analyzed by GC/MS to verify that there were no quantifiable PCB concentrations in the dust before use.…”

Section: Chemicalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pulmonary absorption from inhaled air (ABS, %) was assumed to be 70%. The inhalation rate (InhRate, m 3 /day) and the body weight (BW, kg) for different receptors were adopted from EPA's EFH 39 and provided in Table S7. The exposure time of 8 h/day, 42 by default, was also used to represent the time spent in a school or childcare setting.…”

Section: Chemicalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Inadvertently Generated PCBs in Consumer Products: Concentrations, Fate and Transport, and Preliminary Exposure Assessment

Liu

Mullin

Egeghy

et al. 2022

Environ. Sci. Technol.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Although commercial polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) production was banned in 1979 under the Toxics Substance Control Act, inadvertent generation of PCBs through a variety of chemical production processes continues to contaminate products and waste streams. In this research, a total of 39 consumer products purchased from local and online retailer stores were analyzed for 209 PCB congeners. Inadvertent PCBs (iPCBs) were detected from seven products, and PCB-11 was the only congener detected in most of the samples, with a maximum concentration exceeding 800 ng/g. Emission of PCB-11 to air was studied from one craft foam sheet product using dynamic microchambers at 40 °C for about 120 days. PCB-11 migration from the product to house dust was also investigated. The IAQX program was then employed to estimate the emissions of PCB-11 from 10 craft foam sheets to indoor air in a 30 m 3 room at 0.5 h −1 air change rate for 30 days. The predicted maximum PCB-11 concentration in the room air (156.8 ng/m 3 ) and the measured concentration in dust (20 ng/g) were applied for the preliminary exposure assessment. The generated data from multipathway investigation in this work should be informative for further risk assessment and management for iPCBs.

show abstract

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Chemicalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Inadvertently Generated PCBs in Consumer Products: Concentrations, Fate and Transport, and Preliminary Exposure Assessment

Liu

Mullin

Egeghy

et al. 2022

Environ. Sci. Technol.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The material-phase OPFR concentrations in the foam and paint were determined prior to the tests by solvent extraction and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis, and the results are listed in SI Table S1. The Arizona Test Dust (ATD) and House Dust (HD) 49 were used for the direct source-to-dust migration tests. Before tests, 0.1−0.5 g of settled dust was dispersed across the source material as close to a single even layer as possible using a "salt and pepper shaker" type method and visual observation.…”

Section: ■ Experimental Sectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A more detailed description of the dust migration tests can be obtained from previous publications. 26,29,49 ■ RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Validation of the Analytical Model. Bi et al 32 conducted experimental and modeling investigations on the migration of SVOCs after direct contact between the SVOC sources (e.g., phthalate) and dust.…”

Section: ■ Experimental Sectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation on the Direct Transfer of SVOCs from Source to Settled Dust: Analytical Model and Key Parameter Determination

Wang

Zhang

et al. 2022

Environ. Sci. Technol.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Settled dust is an important medium for semivolatile organic compound (SVOC) transport indoors. Understanding the mechanism of interaction between SVOCs and settled dust can greatly improve the exposure assessment. This study develops an analytical model to elucidate the mechanism of direct contact between SVOC sources and settled dust. The model incorporates the adsorption of SVOCs onto indoor surfaces, which was ignored in previous numerical models. Based on this model, a hybrid optimization method is applied to determine the key parameters of SVOC transport, i.e., the diffusion coefficient in the dust, the dust–air partition coefficient, and the chamber surface–air partition coefficient. Experiments of direct contact between SVOC source materials containing organophosphorus flame retardants (OPFRs) and settled dust were conducted in chambers. The key parameters were determined by performing curve fitting using data collected from the OPFR chamber tests and from the literature on phthalates. The reliability and robustness of the model and measurement method are demonstrated by the high fitting accuracy and sensitivity analysis. The obtained key parameters are more accurate than those from correlations in prior studies. Further analysis indicates that dust–air partition coefficient plays an important role and the adsorption effect on surfaces cannot be neglected for SVOC transport.

show abstract

Interaction Between Gas-Phase Pollutants and Particles

Cao

2022

Handbook of Indoor Air Quality

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Sorption and migration of organophosphate flame retardants between sources and settled dust

Cited by 15 publications

References 35 publications

Inadvertently Generated PCBs in Consumer Products: Concentrations, Fate and Transport, and Preliminary Exposure Assessment

Inadvertently Generated PCBs in Consumer Products: Concentrations, Fate and Transport, and Preliminary Exposure Assessment

Investigation on the Direct Transfer of SVOCs from Source to Settled Dust: Analytical Model and Key Parameter Determination

Interaction Between Gas-Phase Pollutants and Particles

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About