Sorption of 17β-Estradiol to Pig Slurry Separates and Soil in the Soil-Slurry Environment

Forslund

Bui

et al. 2013

Appl Environ Microbiol

Self Cite

Pathogens may reach agricultural soils through application of animal manure and thereby pose a risk of contaminating crops as well as surface and groundwater. Treatment and handling of manure for improved nutrient and odor management may also influence the amount and fate of manure-borne pathogens in the soil. A study was conducted to investigate the leaching potentials of a phage (Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium bacteriophage 28B) and two bacteria, Escherichia coli and Enterococcus species, in a liquid fraction of raw pig slurry obtained by solid-liquid separation of this slurry and in this liquid fraction after ozonation, when applied to intact soil columns by subsurface injection. We also compared leaching potentials of surface-applied and subsurface-injected raw slurry. The columns were exposed to irrigation events (3.5-h period at 10 mm h ؊1 ) after 1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks of incubation with collection of leachate. By the end of incubation, the distribution and survival of microorganisms in the soil of each treatment and in nonirrigated columns with injected raw slurry or liquid fraction were determined. E. coli in the leachates was quantified by both plate counts and quantitative PCR (qPCR) to assess the proportions of culturable and nonculturable (viable and nonviable) cells. Solid-liquid separation of slurry increased the redistribution in soil of contaminants in the liquid fraction compared to raw slurry, and the percent recovery of E. coli and Enterococcus species was higher for the liquid fraction than for raw slurry after the four leaching events. The liquid fraction also resulted in more leaching of all contaminants except Enterococcus species than did raw slurry. Ozonation reduced E. coli leaching only. Injection enhanced the leaching potential of the microorganisms investigated compared to surface application, probably because of a better survival with subsurface injection and a shorter leaching path.

“…The soil columns then were sealed and stored at 2°C until used in the experiment. Selected soil characteristics, determined by standard laboratory methods (34), are presented in Table 1.…”

Section: Soilsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Persistence and Leaching Potential of Microorganisms and Mineral N in Animal Manure Applied to Intact Soil Columns

Forslund

Bui

et al. 2013

Appl Environ Microbiol

Self Cite

“…The redistribution of estrogens was much more affected than that of the microorganisms. It may be due to the high estrogen sorption capacity of slurry organic matter (Amin et al, 2012). The immobile slurry dry matter sorbed estrogens and thus retarded redistribution than did for the microorganisms and mineral N. However, it was somewhat unclear what factors are more important for the redistribution processes.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Soil properties were determined by the standard methods (Amin et al, 2012). The bulk density in the top layer was lower than in the lower layer because of the breakup of soil structure during tillage and slurry injection operations.…”

Section: Calibration Of Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since the redistribution of estrogens takes place in an environment dominated by slurry liquid the K d value was calculated using the K oc obtained for the soil-slurry environment (presence of slurry-DOC in the aqueous phase) by Amin et al (2012). The study suggests that DOC present in slurry can facilitate transport of contaminants, and that the sorption coefficient estimated using the laboratory batch experiment can underestimate the leaching risks of slurry-borne contaminants.…”

Section: Estrogensmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Simulation of the redistribution and fate of contaminants from soil-injected animal slurry

Agricultural Water Management

Šimůnek

Lægdsmand

2014

a b s t r a c tSpreading of contaminants from land-applied animal slurry may create hazard for both soil and water environments. Both the leaching and persistence of the contaminants is controlled by the redistribution of the contaminants immediately after application, while the redistribution is influenced by site conditions (here different slurry dry matter content and soil texture). HYDRUS-2D was used to simulate the redistribution of water, chloride, mineral N, Salmonella Typhimurium Bacteriophage 28B (phage), Escherichia coli, and steroid hormone estrogens near the slurry injection slit over a 50-day period after slurry injection at two field sites (Silstrup and Estrup) in Denmark to estimate the controlling transport and reaction parameters based on field measurements of the contaminants. The calibrated model was thereafter used to predict the leaching potential into the subsoil. The simulations confirmed that the higher water contents measured in the slurry application slit were due to a change in the hydraulic parameters. Chloride was redistributed considerably beyond the sampled soil profile at Estrup, but not at Silstrup, which had lower hydraulic conductivities than Estrup. Average size of the microorganisms affected their mobility; the bigger the size, the higher was the effect of the site conditions. The sorption coefficient of estrogens for slurry-amended soil was remarkably lower than that for unamended soil. The study suggests that dissolved organic carbon retained in slurry can facilitate the transport of contaminants. E. coli, phage, and estrogens were vulnerable to leaching from the very first precipitation event after the slurry application, whereas mineral N started to leach when NO 3 -N accumulated. Model predictions suggest that there are potential risks of leaching of these contaminants from the top soil to the subsoil associated with the land-injected slurry.

“…Sorption of estrogen to any sorbent material increases with its TOC content. The solid-liquid partition coefficients of estrogen with slurry particles were 10 to 30 times higher than those of soils (Amin et al, 2012), so any release of estrogens from the slurry slit (S1) to the surrounding soil was possibly very low. When some estrogen released with the liquid phase of the slurry, its movement in soil was retarded because it readily sorbs to the soil particles (Das et al, 2004).…”

Section: Estrogenmentioning

confidence: 97%

Influence of soil structure on contaminant leaching from injected slurry

Journal of Environmental Management

Pedersen

Forslund

et al. 2016

Self Cite

Animal manure application to agricultural land provides beneficial organic matter and nutrients but can spread harmful contaminants to the environment. Contamination of fresh produce, surface water and shallow groundwater with the manure-borne pollutants can be a critical concern. Leaching and persistence of nitrogen, microorganisms (bacteriophage, E. coli, and Enterococcus) and a group of steroid hormone (estrogens) were investigated after injection of swine slurry into either intact (structured) or disturbed (homogeneous repacked) soil. The slurry was injected into hexaplicate soil columns at a rate of 50 t ha and followed with four irrigation events: 3.5-h period at 10 mm h after 1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks. The disturbed columns delayed the leaching of a conservative tracer and microorganisms in the first irrigation event compared to the intact columns due to the effect of disturbed macropore flow paths. The slurry constituents that ended up in or near the macropore flow paths of the intact soil were presumably washed out relatively quickly in the first event. For the last three events the intact soil leached fewer microorganisms than the disturbed soil due to the bypassing effect of water through the macropore flow path in the intact soil. Estrogen leached from the intact soil in the first event only, but for the disturbed soil it was detected in the leachates of last two events also. Leaching from the later events was attributed to higher colloid transport from the disturbed soils. In contrast, NO-N leaching from the intact soil was higher for all events except the first event, probably due to a lower nitrification rate in the disturbed soil. A week after the last irrigation event, the redistribution of all slurry constituents except NO-N in most of the sections of the soil column was higher for the disturbed soil. Total recovery of E. coli was significantly higher from the disturbed soil and total leaching of mineral nitrogen was significantly lower from the disturbed soil. Results demonstrate how manure-borne constituents injected into undisturbed soil columns respond more as expected in the field, in terms of leaching and persistence, than do the same constituents injected into typically constructed columns of disturbed soil.