Sorption of heavy metal ions from aqueous solution by a novel cast PVA/TiO2 nanohybrid adsorbent functionalized with amine groups

Preparation and characterization of a novel electrospun ammonium molybdophosphate/polyacrylonitrile nanofiber adsorbent for cesium removal

“…The adsorption capacity, distribution coefficient and removal efficiency of heavy metal ions were determined by the following equations [9,23]:…”

“…The equilibrium adsorption constant (K C ) depending on the temperature was applied to distinguish the values of DG°, DH°a nd DS°. The values of K C were calculated from the following equation [23]:…”

“…According to the plot of the experimental data of C es C el versus C el (figure is not illustrated), the values of K C at different temperatures (25, 35 and 45°C) are evaluated. The adsorption standard free energy (DG°) is obtained from [23]:…”

“…The thermodynamic parameters DH°and DS°for the adsorption process are calculated from the slopes and intercepts of the linear variation of ln K C versus 1/T by the following equation [23]:…”

Mesoporous COK-12 Supported Co3O4 Composites for Adsorption of Methylene Blue from Aqueous Solution

“…Moreover, it is also very difficult to recover or separate MO x nanoparticles from the solution after adsorption [23,24]. Suitable ways to circumvent this problem is to disperse the metal oxide particles onto supports with high surface area and loading MO x nanoparticles in a polymer or resin [25,26]. The nanoparticles thus enhance the surface to volume ratio of the polymers and increase the available adsorption sites.…”