Sorptive Dusts for Pest Control

Ebeling, Walter

doi:10.1146/annurev.en.16.010171.001011

Cited by 372 publications

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“…Talc was tested as a dust carrier for virus OBs, but we observed that the talc itself strongly affected larval mortality of potato tuberworm due to its fast desiccation effect against newly hatched larvae, as previously described elsewhere (Alcázar et al 1992b, Arthurs et al 2008. Some dry powder carriers have been used as an alternative to synthetic insecticides and are thought to act by imposing mechanical disruption (e.g., mouth parts injuries on chewing insects such as beetles and caterpillars) and physiological stress by absorbing wax from the insect cuticle resulting in water loss (Ebeling 1971, Korunic 1998). Our results demonstrated that talc mixed with low or medium concentrations of the granulosis virus for dusting tubers provides better effectiveness than aqueous virus suspension treatment against potato tuberworm.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Insecticidal Activity of the Granulosis Virus in Combination with Neem Products and Talc Powder Against the Potato Tuberworm Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae)

Mascarin

Delalibera²

2012

Neotrop Entomol

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The potato tuberworm Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller) is an important agricultural pest that causes significant economic losses to potato growers worldwide. The addition of an effective method of biological control for the potato tuberworm is greatly needed, and is currently unavailable in Brazil. The granulosis virus (Baculoviridae) is a promising biological control agent to protect post-harvest potatoes and in storage from the potato tuberworm. However, the control measure must be economically feasible. Liquid suspensions of a granulosis virus applied alone or in mixture with two commercial neem oil-based products (DalNeem™ and NeemAzal™), and a dry powder formulation of viral granules were evaluated for control of potato tuberworm larvae by treating potato tubers under laboratory conditions. High larval mortality (86.7%) was achieved when DalNeem and virus were applied together at 4 mg of azadirachtin/L and 10 4 occlusion bodies (OBs)/mL, respectively. This combination resulted in ≥50% efficacy in relation to their counterparts alone. Conversely, NeemAzal did not enhance virus effectiveness against larvae of the potato tuberworm. The talc-based virus formulation was used for dusting seed tubers at different concentrations and resulted in 100% larval mortality at 5×10 8 OBs/g. Formulated and unformulated virus provided 50% mortality at 166 OBs/g and at 5.0× 10 5 OBs/mL, respectively. As a result, talc-based virus formulation had a better control efficiency on potato tuberworm than the aqueous virus suspension. The granulosis virus combined with DalNeem at low rates or formulated with talc powder is a viable option to control the potato tuberworm under storage conditions.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Insecticidal Activity of the Granulosis Virus in Combination with Neem Products and Talc Powder Against the Potato Tuberworm Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae)

Mascarin

Delalibera²

2012

Neotrop Entomol

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“…Moreover, as DE has a physical mode of action, genetic resistance is unlikely to occur (Ebeling, 1971). However, it is possible that insects are able to develop physiological or behavioural resistance mechanisms to DE (Korunic, 1998;Korunic and Ormesher, 1999).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Depending upon geological source, it is almost pure amorphous silicon dioxide, which is non-toxic to mammals (IARC, 1997). DE absorbs the insects' cuticular waxes which causes death from desiccation (Ebeling, 1971;Rigaux et al, 2001). In addition, DE abrades the cuticle (Ebeling, 1971).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the available formulations are not equally effective against every pest species and there is a need to increase the efficacy of the formulations to decrease the dose of usage to an acceptable level for stored-food manufacturers. Ebeling (1971) felt that genetic resistance to DE was unlikely because of the physical mode of action. However, Korunic (1998) and Korunic and Ormesher (1999) discovered reduced susceptibility (1.3-2.2 fold) of Tribolium castaneum (Herbst), Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens) and Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) adults exposed to DE for 5-7 generations, as compared with unselected laboratory strains.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Efficacy of diatomaceous earth formulations admixed with grain against populations of Tribolium castaneum

Arnaud

Lan²,

Brostaux

et al. 2005

Journal of Stored Products Research

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“…Organophosphorus insecticidal dusts have been found effective 6 but are no longer available for this purpose. However, diatomaceous earths, which require no registration in the UK as they act by physical means 9 , would be an alternative proven to have efficacy under UK conditions 7 . This experiment also indicated that the changes caused by the moisture uptake at the surface of barley bulks stored at higher moisture contents, can be such as to affect the germination and malting qualities sufficiently to render the entire bulk unsuitable for malting.…”

Section: Mgvs Qepxmrkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Farm-Scale Experiments to Compare Infestation and Quality Changes in Malting Barley Stored at Three Moisture Contents

Armitage¹,

Cook²,

Baxter

2002

Journal of the Institute of Brewing

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Comparison of changes in temperature, moisture content, infestation and germination were made in six aerated 20 t bins of malting barley. Two were at about 13.5% moisture content, three at about 15.5% moisture content, and one at about 16.5% moisture content. The grain started at between 20-25°C and, during aeration, fell at a rate dependent on the moisture content, damper grain being cooler, presumably due to evaporative cooling. The 'high' moisture content grain was often over 5°C cooler at 1m and 2m than the 'low' moisture content bins. Moisture uptake at the surface was related to bulk moisture content and trends in mite population changes were related to moisture content. Mite population achieved highest numbers at the grain surface but usually before the moisture content absorption was at its peak. They were commonest in the 'high' moisture content bin and least numerous in the 'low' moisture content bins. There were no apparent differences between bins in the numbers of insects trapped, for instance they were not less numerous in the coolest 'high' moisture content bin. However, the trends of numbers trapped followed a similar pattern in all bins; normally O. surinamensis and S. granarius only began to decline after nine weeks storage in December when temperatures fell below 10°C. Germination loss at the surface of the dampest bin was sufficient to cause rejection of the entire bulk for malting. Micromalting indicated that yield of extract and friability were particularly affected by the changes at the surface of the dampest barley.Key words: Aeration, infestation, malting barley, micro-malting, moisture content, storage, viability. -2863(9'8-32The effects of individual components on the storability of malting barley have often been described, for instance effects of temperature and relative humidity on germination loss and dormancy break 13,14 or predictions of pest population changes 3 based on laboratory models. However, it is important to demonstrate how all these factors interact in practical circumstances and to validate how closely laboratory-based knowledge matches what happens on a practical scale. For instance, Armitage and Woods 5 described a storage strategy for malting barley, intended to break dormancy, maintain viability and discourage germination, based on cooling by aeration which was tested over two years in maltings in the south and north of the UK. The moisture content of the grain is crucial to successful storage of malting barley, as well as affecting germination loss. It is also likely to affect infestation, temperatures achieved by aeration and moisture uptake at the grain surface 4 .This experiment was therefore designed to compare mite, insect and fungal numbers, physical and quality changes in six cooled 3 m deep 20 t bins of a single malting barley variety (Chariot) at intended moisture contents of 13, 14.5 and 16%. The grain was freshly harvested and dried according to recommendations for malting barley (not exceeding 65°C), to preserve germination. All bins were intermittentl...

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Sorptive Dusts for Pest Control

Cited by 372 publications

References 0 publications

Insecticidal Activity of the Granulosis Virus in Combination with Neem Products and Talc Powder Against the Potato Tuberworm Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae)

Insecticidal Activity of the Granulosis Virus in Combination with Neem Products and Talc Powder Against the Potato Tuberworm Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae)

Efficacy of diatomaceous earth formulations admixed with grain against populations of Tribolium castaneum

Farm-Scale Experiments to Compare Infestation and Quality Changes in Malting Barley Stored at Three Moisture Contents

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