“…Moreover, the literature includes studies on teachers' perception of citizenship education competency (Ülger & Yel, 2013) and others, for example "The Analysis of Human Rights, Citizenship and Democracy Lessons and Coursebooks" (Er, Ünal, & Özmen, 2013;Sağlam & Hayal, 2015;Ünal, 2012) together with studies regarding the opinions of students in the same grade (Mısırlı-Özsoy, 2010;Yılmaz, 2013). There are also studies investigating the opinions of high school teachers on citizenship education (Bıçak & Ereş, 2018); the factors affecting the citizenship perceptions of high school students (Doğanay & Sarı, 2009); the perceptions of high school students about citizenship education (Dejaeghere & Hooghe, 2009;Kılınç & Dere, 2013); the role of geography courses, in active citizenship education (Atasoy & Koç, 2015) and the perceptions, opinions and competencies of teacher candidates (Acun et al, 2010;Doğanay, 2009;Koutselini, 2008;Martin, 2010;Şimşek, Tıkman, Yıldırım, & Şentürk, 2017;Yiğit, 2017). Moreover, descriptive and comparative studies have been carried out on citizenship education in Greece, Malesia, Canada, the U.K., China, and the USA (Cornbleth, 2010;Evans, 2006;Juanjuan, 2013;Kakos & Palaiologou, 2014;Mahmood, 2014;Osler & Starkey, 2006;Pontes, Henn, & Griffiths, 2019); along with descriptive and comparative studies in Turkey and the USA regarding citizenship education within the scope of social studies (Merey, Karatekin, & Kuş, 2012).…”