Due to the expected air transport growth and stringent environmental regulations, there is a strong need to develop noise reduction techniques at acceptable cost in the aeronautical sector. A sound characterisation of the aero-acoustic sources in the nacelle acoustic duct problem plays a crucial role. In this study, it is shown how the liners optimized impedances strongly depend on the noise source characteristics under both tonal and broadband excitation conditions, and in the latter case, for varying degree of correlations between the random source strengths. The limitations for source identification methods, such as pointwise model-based inverse techniques, have been studied. These methods are able to provide reliable models of equivalent sound sources from a limited number of in-duct measurements, but require a priori knowledge of the source location. The performance of such techniques are compared with two different approaches, namely the use of focussed in-duct beamforming techniques to locate the unknown sources, and a decomposition of the assumed source strengths into angular Fourier series for both the location and the determination of the source amplitudes. Experimental results are presented for the location and the reconstruction of the particle velocity spectrum of wall-mounted compression drivers from in-duct measurements.