Source and Determinants of Water Pollution in Ethiopia: Distributed Lag Modeling Approach

Ademe, Arega Shumetie; Molla, Alemayehu

doi:10.4172/2375-4516.1000110

Cited by 17 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Downstream sections of the rivers supply water for irrigation. Although Ethiopia adopts the WHO guidelines for drinking and irrigation water quality (Ademe and Alemayehu, 2014), water quality control or river monitoring is barely implemented. Existing industries in Kombolcha have limited treatment of waste water and, together with already moderately intensive land use, provide nutrient pressures to a small river network.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimating Total Nitrogen and Phosphorus Losses in a Data‐Poor Ethiopian Catchment

et al. 2017

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Selecting a suitable model for a water quality study depends on the objectives, the characteristics of the study area, and the availability, appropriateness, and quality of data. In areas where in-stream chemical and hydrological data are limited but where estimates of nutrient loads are needed to guide management, it is necessary to apply more generalized models that make few assumptions about underlying processes. This paper presents the selection and application of a model to estimate total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) loads in two semiarid and adjacent catchments exposed to pollution risk in north-central Ethiopia. Using specific criteria to assess model suitability resulted in the use of the Pollution Load (PLOAD) model. The model relies on estimates of nutrient loads from point sources such as industries and export coefficients of land use, and it is calibrated using measured TN and TP loads from the catchments. The performance of the calibrated PLOAD model was increased, reducing the sum of errors by 89 and 5% for the TN and TP loads, respectively. The results were validated using independent field data. Next, two scenarios were evaluated: (i) use of riparian buffer strips, and (ii) enhanced treatment of industrial effluents. The model estimated that combined use of the two scenarios could reduce TN and TP loads by nearly 50%. Our modeling is particularly useful for initial characterization of nutrient pollution in catchments. With careful calibration and validation, PLOAD model can serve an important role in planning industrial and agricultural development in data-poor areas.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimating Total Nitrogen and Phosphorus Losses in a Data‐Poor Ethiopian Catchment

et al. 2017

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“…Source: Amhara National Regional states Water Resource Development Bureau [11]. Concomitant with the above principles, researchers like Yohannes, Maschal and Truye and Ademe and Alemayehu conducted a study on water pollution in general and river pollution in particular [7][8][9]. Their works are on rivers and water contamination, river water pollution and determinants of water pollution in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

River Pollution in Ethiopia: An Exploratory Assessment of the Causes and Effects on Environmental Sustainability

Hadis¹,

Tesfaye²,

Dessie³

2019

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Ethiopia has been reflecting the environmental sustainability interests. However, questions have been raised regarding its effectiveness. Thus, this paper addresses one of the environmental sustainability issues specifically Borkena river pollution. Furthermore, it addresses the causes and effects of Borkena river pollution on environmental sustainability. By employing an exploratory approach, formative analysis and conclusions are made. As a result, Borkena River is found highly depleted due to wastes from households, institutions and industries. Mountainous farming, lack of environmental protection measures, alien weed, informal settlement, poor waste management system and inappropriate utilization of river resources are the major causes of Borkena River pollution. As a result, the river pollution affects the environmental sustainability in the area of natural resources, biodiversity and human ecology at large. Thus, the research outlines the following directions to be implemented for protecting Borkena River from pollution and maintaining environmental sustainability. Among these, (1) revisiting the rivers depletion and the extent of environmental pollution on a broader scale, (2) policy revision should be considered in responding river pollution and environmental sustainability measures, (3) expanding best environmental protection practices in Borkena river side, and (4) reconsidering river rehabilitation through realizing its economic benefits for the local community.

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“…The first and a key, step in providing safe drinking water is the selection of the best available source of water without referring to its physicochemical and biological quality [4]. The quality of spring and small streams, running through rural areas, less known and even has not been properly evaluated for the intended use rather both animals and human beings can utilize the same water source without protection and many more rural communities live in water stress areas specially during the dry season in Ethiopia [5]. However, naturally spring water is better protected than surface water and even filters itself until gets saturated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparative Analysis of Physicochemical Composition of Selected Spring Water in the Bale Eco-region, South East Ethiopia

Meka¹,

Wudneh²

2019

IJAOS

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Spring water chemical behaviors in various locations and environmental degradation are being among the most recent dynamic issues. In this study, spring water sources of the Rira and Burkitu streams of remote rural areas were considered as holy and healthy water by the local communities. However, the quality of the water is not yet analyzed and still very low attentions are paid by the concerned governmental stakeholders towards characterizing the mineral constituents in order to confirm the existing perceptions. This study focused on comparing water quality of two springs exists in the two extreme altitudinal difference (from upper mountain (Rira spring) and lower altitude (Burkitu spring)) flowing through undisturbed ecosystem in the Bale Ecoregion. Water samples were taken following depth integrated composite samples from the two streams in 2015. The samples were taken to Ethiopian Public Health Organization, Addis Ababa. The spring water samples' physicochemical characteristics were compared by one way ANOVA and a piper diagram and evaluated against WHO drinking water quality standards. Laboratory investigations revealed that "Burkitu" spring water has a special physique that makes it advantageous water. Turbidity, PO 4 , F-, and NH 4 +1 content of Rira and Burkitu spring water were 0.11 and 1.06 (NTU), 0.08 and 0.1 (mg/L), 0.43 and 0.42 (mg/l) 0.19 and 0.18 (mg/l) but not significantly different at P value less than 0.05 in that order respectively. Significantly different parameters at P value less than 0.01 were filterable residue at 180°C, CaCO 3 ,

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Source and Determinants of Water Pollution in Ethiopia: Distributed Lag Modeling Approach

Cited by 17 publications

References 3 publications

Estimating Total Nitrogen and Phosphorus Losses in a Data‐Poor Ethiopian Catchment

Estimating Total Nitrogen and Phosphorus Losses in a Data‐Poor Ethiopian Catchment

River Pollution in Ethiopia: An Exploratory Assessment of the Causes and Effects on Environmental Sustainability

A Comparative Analysis of Physicochemical Composition of Selected Spring Water in the Bale Eco-region, South East Ethiopia

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