Source Anonymity in WSNs against Global Adversary Utilizing Low Transmission Rates with Delay Constraints

Bushnag, Anas; Abuzneid, Abdelshakour; Mahmood, Ausif

doi:10.3390/s16070957

Cited by 22 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The fake source packet routing strategy has been adopted in many existing protocols including the dummy packet injection scheme [12], the dynamic fake sources-based algorithm [16], and the hybrid online dynamic single path routing algorithm [18]. Similarly, the fake source packet routing strategy is adopted in the forward random walk and bidirectional tree schemes [29], the fake network traffic-based scheme [30], the timed efficient source privacy preservation scheme [31], and the dummy uniform distribution, dummy adaptive distribution, and controlled dummy adaptive distribution protocols [32]. Often, the fake source packet routing protocols are criticized because of their high energy consumption, mainly because they rely on injecting a large number of fake packets to effectively protect the SLP.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Secure Routing Protocols for Source Node Privacy Protection in Multi-Hop Communication Wireless Networks

Mutalemwa

Shin

2020

Energies

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Traffic analysis attacks are common in monitoring wireless sensor networks (WSNs). In the attacks, adversaries analyze the traffic pattern to obtain critical information such as the location information of a source node. Fake source packet routing protocols are often used to ensure source location privacy (SLP) protection. The protocols rely on broadcasting fake packets from fake sources concurrently with the transmission of real packets from the real source nodes to obfuscate the adversaries. However, fake source packet routing protocols have demonstrated some performance limitations including high energy consumption, low packet delivery ratio (PDR), and long end-to-end delay (EED). In this study, two existing fake source packet routing protocols are considered. Then two new phantom-based SLP routing protocols are proposed to address the limitations. Each proposed protocol introduces a two-level phantom routing strategy to ensure two adversary confusion phases. When the adversaries perform traffic analysis attacks on the packet routes, they encounter two levels of obfuscation. Simulation results establish that the proposed protocols have superior performance features. The protocols guarantee strong SLP protection throughout the WSN domain with controlled energy consumption, PDR, and EED. Furthermore, the proposed protocols achieve more practical results under varied network configurations.

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Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Secure Routing Protocols for Source Node Privacy Protection in Multi-Hop Communication Wireless Networks

Mutalemwa

Shin

2020

Energies

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“…DUD [55,56] divides the time into intervals that have the exact duration, and it uses the same transmission rate for both real and dummy packets. A random number is thrown between 0 and 1.…”

Section: Dummy Uniform Distribution (Dud)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is solved by increasing the transmitting rate, but this causes higher overhead as the network transmits more dummy packets. This relationship is considered as a trade-off between overhead and latency [55,56].…”

Section: Dummy Uniform Distribution (Dud)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Source Anonymity against Global Adversary in WSNs Using Dummy Packet Injections: A Survey

2018

Self Cite

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Source anonymity in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) becomes a real concern in several applications such as tracking and monitoring. A global adversary that has sophisticated resources, high computation and full view of the network is an obvious threat to such applications. The network and applications need to be protected and secured to provide the expected outcome. Source anonymity is one of the fundamental WSNs security issues. It is all about preventing the adversary from reaching the origin by analyzing the traffic of the network. There are many methods to provide source anonymity, which is also known as Source Location Privacy (SLP). One of these methods is based on dummy packets. The basic notion is to inject the network with dummy packets to confuse the adversary about the location of the transmitting source node. This paper provides a survey of protocols for anonymity that use dummy packet injections. We discuss each technique from the point of their advantages and disadvantages. Further, We provide a comparison for the most promising techniques provided in the literature which use dummy packet injections. A comparison for the adversary assumptions and capabilities will be provided as well.

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“…In global-adversary-based schemes, the adversaries can monitor all the traffic of the entire network and all the collected information can be used to analyze the source locations of the packages [7]. In this case, the best choice to defend against adversaries is sending dummy packages to confuse the adversaries and most of the existing approaches attempt to identify a good balance between the security of the source node, the overhead of dummy packages, the package delivery delay, and the quality of service.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

All-Direction Random Routing for Source-Location Privacy Protecting against Parasitic Sensor Networks

Wang

Zeng

2017

Sensors

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Wireless sensor networks are deployed to monitor the surrounding physical environments and they also act as the physical environments of parasitic sensor networks, whose purpose is analyzing the contextual privacy and obtaining valuable information from the original wireless sensor networks. Recently, contextual privacy issues associated with wireless communication in open spaces have not been thoroughly addressed and one of the most important challenges is protecting the source locations of the valuable packages. In this paper, we design an all-direction random routing algorithm (ARR) for source-location protecting against parasitic sensor networks. For each package, the routing process of ARR is divided into three stages, i.e., selecting a proper agent node, delivering the package to the agent node from the source node, and sending it to the final destination from the agent node. In ARR, the agent nodes are randomly chosen in all directions by the source nodes using only local decisions, rather than knowing the whole topology of the networks. ARR can control the distributions of the routing paths in a very flexible way and it can guarantee that the routing paths with the same source and destination are totally different from each other. Therefore, it is extremely difficult for the parasitic sensor nodes to trace the packages back to the source nodes. Simulation results illustrate that ARR perfectly confuses the parasitic nodes and obviously outperforms traditional routing-based schemes in protecting source-location privacy, with a marginal increase in the communication overhead and energy consumption. In addition, ARR also requires much less energy than the cloud-based source-location privacy protection schemes.

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Source Anonymity in WSNs against Global Adversary Utilizing Low Transmission Rates with Delay Constraints

Cited by 22 publications

References 17 publications

Secure Routing Protocols for Source Node Privacy Protection in Multi-Hop Communication Wireless Networks

Secure Routing Protocols for Source Node Privacy Protection in Multi-Hop Communication Wireless Networks

Source Anonymity against Global Adversary in WSNs Using Dummy Packet Injections: A Survey

All-Direction Random Routing for Source-Location Privacy Protecting against Parasitic Sensor Networks

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