Source apportionment of fine and coarse particulate matter in a sub-urban area at the Western European Coast

Almeida, Susana Marta; Pio, Casimiro; Freitas, M. C.; Reis, M.A.; Trancoso, Maria Ascensão

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.01.048

Cited by 271 publications

(148 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Generally, V and Ni are typically associated with the combustion of heavy fuel oil (Almeida et al, 2005;Harrison et al, 1996), almost 100% of the atmospheric vanadium is considered coming from oil combustion (Pacyna et al, 1984), and when the ratio of V to Ni is higher than 0.7, it always considered being influenced by shipping emissions (Isakson et al, 2001). In this study, variations of V, Ni and ratio of V to Ni in PM 2.5 at Tuoji Island in 2012 were showed in Fig.…”

Section: Typical Tracers Of Shipping Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Identification and quantification of shipping emissions in Bohai Rim, China

Zhang

Chen

Tian

et al. 2014

Science of The Total Environment

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Section: Typical Tracers Of Shipping Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Identification and quantification of shipping emissions in Bohai Rim, China

Zhang

Chen

Tian

et al. 2014

Science of The Total Environment

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“…Brake wear and wear of the road surface is an important factor for the highest concentrations in the coarse mode (Manoli et al, 2002). The contribution to particulate mass ranges from place to place from a few percent up to 80% (Almeida et al, 2005;Johansson et al, 2007). It was also found that the traffic contribution in the coarse size fraction (1.9e72 mm) was approximately 80% up to 150 m from the road, it dropped abruptly by a factor of 2 over a distance of 150e200 m and declined further to 20% at 1500 m from the road (Wrobel et al, 2000).…”

Section: Urban Scalementioning

confidence: 99%

Transport impacts on atmosphere and climate: Land transport

Uherek¹,

Halenka²,

Borken‐Kleefeld³

et al. 2010

Atmospheric Environment

311

151

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a b s t r a c tEmissions from land transport, and from road transport in particular, have significant impacts on the atmosphere and on climate change. This assessment gives an overview of past, present and future emissions from land transport, of their impacts on the atmospheric composition and air quality, on human health and climate change and on options for mitigation.In the past vehicle exhaust emission control has successfully reduced emissions of nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, volatile organic compounds and particulate matter. This contributed to improved air quality and reduced health impacts in industrialised countries. In developing countries however, pollutant emissions have been growing strongly, adversely affecting many populations. In addition, ozone and particulate matter change the radiative balance and hence contribute to global warming on shorter time scales. Latest knowledge on the magnitude of land transport's impact on global warming is reviewed here.In the future, road transport's emissions of these pollutants are expected to stagnate and then decrease globally. This will then help to improve the air quality notably in developing countries. On the contrary, emissions of carbon dioxide and of halocarbons from mobile air conditioners have been globally increasing and are further expected to grow. Consequently, road transport's impact on climate is gaining in importance. The expected efficiency improvements of vehicles and the introduction of biofuels will not be sufficient to offset the expected strong growth in both, passenger and freight transportation. Technical measures could offer a significant reduction potential, but strong interventions would be needed as markets do not initiate the necessary changes. Further reductions would need a resolute expansion of low-carbon fuels, a tripling of vehicle fuel efficiency and a stagnation in absolute transport volumes. Land transport will remain a key sector in climate change mitigation during the next decades.

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“…Three PCs (PC1, PC2, and PC3) with eigenvalues greater than unity accounted for 82.7% of the total variance. Accounting for 40.8% of the total variance, Al, Ca, Mg, and Co, which are known to have a crustal origin (Almeida et al 2005;Zhang et al 2010), had high values for PC1. Accounting for 24.1% of the total variance, Fe, Mn, and Pb were assigned to PC2, which usually originate from metal operation from industries (Polissar et al 2001;Watson and Chow 2001).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of Heavy Metal Distribution in PM₁₀During Asian Dust and Local Pollution Events Using Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS)

Kwak

Kim

et al. 2012

Aerosol Science and Technology

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Hourly concentrations of heavy metals in PM 10 samples were continuously measured using Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) to determine the metal distribution among Asian Dust (AD) events, local pollution events, and nonevents. Quantification of metals was performed by establishing a calibration line between 24 h average data determined by the ICP-MS after filter sampling and LIBS intensity data. It was found that in AD and local pollution events, significant anthropogenic heavy metals, such as Pb, Cr, Ni, and Zn, were detected compared to a nonevent, and that crustal elements (e.g., Al, Ca, Mg) were more abundant in the AD events than those in a local pollution event or nonevent. The AD events were further classified into "nonpolluted AD" and "polluted AD" events, depending on the air mass transport pathways. During "polluted AD" events where the air mass passed over industrialized zones, both crustal (Al, Ca, Mg) and anthropogenic (Cr, Ni, Zn) metal elements simultaneously increased with time, suggesting that the AD particles could not only include crustal elements but also have a significant quantity of anthropogenic heavy metals. The concentration of anthropogenic heavy metals (Cr + Pb + Zn) was the highest in the AD3 event in order of AD3 (polluted) > AD1 (polluted) > local pollution > AD2 (nonpolluted). However, the PM 10 -weighted value (Cr + Pb + Zn/PM 10 ) was the highest in the local pollution event where concentrations of only anthropogenic heavy metals increased. Also, the hourly LIBS data was successfully used to discriminate metal contributions between AD events and local pollution events or among AD events by employing a chemometric method.

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Source apportionment of fine and coarse particulate matter in a sub-urban area at the Western European Coast

Cited by 271 publications

References 22 publications

Identification and quantification of shipping emissions in Bohai Rim, China

Identification and quantification of shipping emissions in Bohai Rim, China

Transport impacts on atmosphere and climate: Land transport

Determination of Heavy Metal Distribution in PM₁₀During Asian Dust and Local Pollution Events Using Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS)

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Source apportionment of fine and coarse particulate matter in a sub-urban area at the Western European Coast

Cited by 271 publications

References 22 publications

Identification and quantification of shipping emissions in Bohai Rim, China

Identification and quantification of shipping emissions in Bohai Rim, China

Transport impacts on atmosphere and climate: Land transport

Determination of Heavy Metal Distribution in PM10During Asian Dust and Local Pollution Events Using Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS)

Contact Info

Product

Resources

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Determination of Heavy Metal Distribution in PM₁₀During Asian Dust and Local Pollution Events Using Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS)