Source digital camcorder identification using sensor photo response non-uniformity

Abstract

Photo-response non-uniformity (PRNU) of digital sensors was recently proposed [1] as a unique identification fingerprint for digital cameras. The PRNU extracted from a specific image can be used to link it to the digital camera that took the image. Because digital camcorders use the same imaging sensors, in this paper, we extend this technique for identification of digital camcorders from video clips. We also investigate the problem of determining whether two video clips came from the same camcorder and the problem of whether two differently transcoded versions of one movie came from the same camcorder. The identification technique is a joint estimation and detection procedure consisting of two steps: (1) estimation of PRNUs from video clips using the Maximum Likelihood Estimator and (2) detecting the presence of PRNU using normalized cross-correlation. We anticipate this technology to be an essential tool for fighting piracy of motion pictures. Experimental results demonstrate the reliability and generality of our approach.

Flatbed scanner identification based on dust and scratches over scanner platen

“…The work on source digital camera identification essentially utilize a static noise component of the imaging sensor during matching an image to its source [2,8,9]. In [4] and [7], two scanner identification methods are proposed based on a similar methodology which utilizes imaging sensor noise characteristics.…”

Source class identification for DSLR and compact cameras

“…According to our best knowledge, this is the first work to identify DSLR and compact camera classes based on feature based classifiers. Available source camera identification methods utilizing PRNU noise [2], [3], color filter array (CFA) and demosaicing artifacts [4], [9] cannot be used in this problem.…”

“…So, multimedia forensics try to find some answers to image integrity and authenticity to guarantee the credibility of digital images. Such solutions would provide useful forensic information to law enforcement and intelligence agencies about which kind of camera is used to acquire an image [1], [2], [3], [4] or whether it is doctored or not.…”

“…Recently, in [5], [6], the source identification problem was studied for a group of images taken with multiple cameras under controlled MMSP'09, October 5-7, 2009 conditions with the same scene. In [2], the authors proposed a very successful method to identify individual imaging sensors utilizing the photo-response non-uniformity (PRNU) noise. Previously, Kurosawa [7] had proposed a unique camcorder identification method using defective pixels and dark currents of charge-coupled device (CCD) sensor.…”

Source Identification of Videos Transmitted in Lossy Wireless Networks

“…It also, helps in tracking down video piracy crimes [2] [3] and help to regulate individual video sources on internet where videos are shared at large scale [4].…”