Source Monitoring: ERP Evidence for Greater Reactivity to Nontarget Information in Older Adults

Strategic influences on recollection in the exclusion task: Electrophysiological evidence

“…To anticipate the results, in Experiment 1, we found that ERPs elicited by correctly excluded nontargets failed to elicit a left parietal old/new effect. This finding is at odds with those of Wilding and Rugg (1997) and Cycowicz et al (2001) but is consistent with those of Dywan et al (2002;Dywan et al, 1998;Dywan et al, 2001). As will be elaborated in the Discussion section, we hypothesized that the absence of a nontarget left parietal effect in our first experiment reflected the ease with which the subjects were able to recollect the targets.…”

“…Even when they receive "standard" exclusion instructions that emphasize the utility of retrieving nontarget source information, subjects may make differential use of this information, depending on the accessibility of target information. 3 The question arises as to why excluded nontargets elicited a parietal old/new effect in the studies of Wilding and and Cycowicz et al (2001), but not in the present study or those of Dywan et al (2002;Dywan et al, 1998;Dywan et al, 2001). According to the account given above, the answer lies, at least partially, in the relative saliences of target and nontarget source information.…”

“…Cycowicz, Friedman, and Snodgrass (2001) also found a significant parietal positivity for both targets and nontargets in an exclusion task involving pictures that were studied in one of two colors (Cycowicz et al, 2001). However, in another study employing an exclusion condition, no parietal effect was observed for nontargets (Dywan, Segalowitz, & Webster, 1998). In the test phase of this experiment, previously studied words (targets) were presented along with foils, some of which were repeated after a lag of only a few trials (nontargets).…”

“…By this account, nontarget source information was retrieved in both experiments but was attended to only in Experiment 2 (see Dywan et al, 2002, Dywan et al, 1998, and Dywan et al, 2001, for similar accounts). This possibility is consistent with other findings suggesting that the left parietal effect is sensitive to the task relevance of retrieved information.…”

Stress and Alcohol Cues Exert Conjoint Effects on Go and Stop Signal Responding in Male Problem Drinkers

“…Both inhibition and psychomotor fluency draw upon a limited pool of cognitive resources (Dywan et al, 1998;Kato et al, 2009;Krishna et al, 2006;Roncadin et al, 2007). As such, their common impairment by Alcohol words suggests that salience may reduce the ability to voluntarily allocate resources to the criterion task (Verbruggen et al, 2004).…”