Sources and chronology of atmospheric lead deposition to a Canadian Shield lake: Inferences from Pb isotopes and PAH profiles

Gallon, Céline; Tessier, André; Gobeil, Charles; Beaudin, Luc

doi:10.1016/j.gca.2005.02.028

Cited by 87 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…The isotopic signature of atmospheric Pb in Europe and North America is known to have changed over time based on aerosol, sediment, ice core and peat core samples (Brannvall et al 2001a;Dunlap et al 1999;Monna et al 1997;Novak et al 2003;Rosman et al 1993). Other studies using lake sediment cores from the Great Lakes and Quebec have similarly suggested that the isotopic signature of atmospheric Pb in southern Canada has changed over time with lower 206 Pb/ 207 Pb values associated with more recently (late 20th century) deposited Pb (Gallon et al 2005;Graney et al 1995). For example, Gallon et al (2005) analyzed a sediment core from a Canadian Shield lake in Quebec and concluded that anthropogenic Pb deposited since pre-industrial time can be modelled as a mixture of two isotopically distinct types.…”

Section: Lead Isotopesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other studies using lake sediment cores from the Great Lakes and Quebec have similarly suggested that the isotopic signature of atmospheric Pb in southern Canada has changed over time with lower 206 Pb/ 207 Pb values associated with more recently (late 20th century) deposited Pb (Gallon et al 2005;Graney et al 1995). For example, Gallon et al (2005) analyzed a sediment core from a Canadian Shield lake in Quebec and concluded that anthropogenic Pb deposited since pre-industrial time can be modelled as a mixture of two isotopically distinct types. The first, which was not detected before 1850 and reached a maximum in 1950 had a 206 Pb/ 207 Pb isotopic ratio of 1.22 and was derived from coal combustion.…”

Section: Lead Isotopesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Different rock formations and Pb ore deposits thus contain Pb with characteristic isotopic ratios (Sangster et al 2000). Numerous studies have used stable Pb isotopes to estimate the relative contribution of anthropogenic sources to Pb accumulated in lake sediment cores, aerosols, snow, vegetation, soils and lichen (Blais 1996;Carignan and Gariepy 1995;Ettler et al 2004;Flegal et al 1989;Gallon et al 2005;Simonetti et al 2000;Sturges and Barrie 1989;. In general, isotopic data indicate that the biogeochemical Pb cycle is dominated by anthropogenic Pb inputs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lead biogeochemistry in a central Ontario Forested watershed

Watmough

Dillon

2007

Biogeochemistry

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To determine the sources and sinks of atmospherically deposited Pb at a forested watershed (Plastic Lake) in central Ontario, Canada, Pb pools and fluxes through upland, wetland and lake compartments were measured during 2002/ 2003 and compared with previous measurements taken between , annual bulk deposition of Pb was 0.49 mg m À2 compared with 1.90-1.30 mg m À2 in 1989-1991. Annual Pb concentrations in stream water draining the upland part of the catchment were very low (0.04 mg l À1 ) and were approximately half those measured in 1989-1991 (0.11-0.08 mg l À1 ). Leaching losses in stream water were small and mass balance estimates indicate almost complete retention (>95%) of atmospherically deposited Pb in upland soils. In contrast, annual Pb concentrations in stream water draining a wetland were between 0.38 and 0.77 mg l À1 , with the highest concentration occurring in 2002/2003 and mass balance calculations indicate that the wetland is a net source of Pb in all measured years. Lead concentrations in the lake outflow were low and the average Pb concentration measured in 2002/2003 (0.09 mg l À1 ) was approximately half the value recorded in 1989-1991 (0.19 mg l À1 both years). Annual mass balance estimates indicate that the lake retained between 2.47 mg m À2 (1989/1990) and 1.42 mg m À2 (2002/2003) and that in 2002/2003 68% of the Pb input to the lake is derived from the terrestrial catchment. These estimates are higher than sediment core records, which indicate around 18 mg m À2 Pb was retained in sediment during the 1990s. Nevertheless, Pb concentrations decrease with sediment depth and 206 Pb/ 207 Pb concentrations increase with depth, a pattern also observed in mineral soils that reflects the substantial contribution of anthropogenic Pb to the watershed. Lead isotope data from soil and sediment indicate a recent anthropogenic Pb signal ( 206 Pb/ 207 Pb * 1.185) in upper soils and sediments and an older anthropogenic signal ( 206 Pb/ 207 Pb * 1.20) in deeper soil and sediment. Lead isotope data in sediment and vegetation indicate that practically all the Pb cycled in the forest at Plastic Lake is anthropogenic in origin.

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Section: Lead Isotopesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Lead Isotopesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lead biogeochemistry in a central Ontario Forested watershed

Watmough

Dillon

2007

Biogeochemistry

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“…The study demonstrates the utility of combining stable isotope analyses (soils and tree rings) to examine the source and dispersion of 1 Introduction Industrial activities have introduced several types of lead pollution and other heavy metals harmful to the environment in varying degrees (Mellor and Bevan 1999;Ciszewski 2003;Gagneten et al 2007). High concentrations of these contaminants are considered to affect terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems (Gulson et al 1981;Gallon et al 2005). Elevated concentrations of pollutants in rivers, on land, and in lakes are known to endanger ecosystems and represent a potential risk to human health (Dorea 2008;Gulson 2008).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The atmosphere is recognized as a major means of transport Barrie 1987, 1989;Grousset et al 1994;Erel et al 1997;Gallon et al 2005), but fluvial transport also constitutes a vector of pollution (Swennen et al 1994;Monna et al 2000;Ettler et al 2006). In other research, isotopic ratios of lead were used to examine soil and tree rings (Gulson et al 1981;Eklund 1995;Walvaren et al 1997;Hou et al 2006).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Isotopic Record of Lead Contamination in Alluvial Soils and Tree Rings on Recent Floodplains (Southern Québec, Canada)

Saint-Laurent

St-Laurent

Duplessis

et al. 2009

Water Air Soil Pollut

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Current and past industrial pollution leaves many traces in the environment, in particular along rivers in industrial and urban areas. The isotopic analysis of the lead found in soils and tree rings offers a kind of environmental archive for presenting a portrait of the pollutant distribution in the environment in both spatial and temporal terms. This study is an attempt to identify and compare the source of contamination found in soils and tree rings located along two rivers affected by pollution over several years. Specifically, the focus is on the pattern of lead concentrations and lead isotopic signatures (206Pb/ 207Pb, 208Pb/206Pb, and 206Pb/204Pb) detected in soils and tree rings located on polluted floodplains. The concentration of Pb in overbank sediments does not rise with the increasing distance downstream from the point source (mining area), suggesting that significant fluvial transport of the pollutant particles over 80 km is involved. For the soil profiles, Pb concentration levels range between 12.32 and 149.13 mg/kg, with the highest concentrations found at the base of the profiles (>1 m). For the lead isotope ratios in the soil profiles, the values obtained range from 0.851 to 0.872 (206Pb/207Pb), 2.081 to 2.111 (208Pb/206Pb), and 0.547 to 0.562 (206Pb/204Pb). The tree ring analysis of red ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh.) shows average lead concentrations of 0.63 μg/g, and the lead values of all the tree specimens range between 0.03 and 11.38 μg/g. Pb concentrations varied greatly between the specimens in selected sites and lead isotope ratios in the tree rings showed a strong variability in the time series, particularly from 1945 to 1970. The greater number of variations in the lead concentration rates and isotopic ratios suggest that many more events associated with pollution and contamination have in fact occurred in this area. The study demonstrates the utility of combining stable isotope analyses (soils and tree rings) to examine the source and dispersion of contaminant Pb in fluvial systems by providing reliable and robust indicators for the detection of environmental changes on a local and regional scale.

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Geochemical evidence (C, N and Pb isotopes) of recent anthropogenic impact in south‐central Chile from two environmentally distinct lake sediment records

Fagel

Bertrand

Mattielli

et al. 2010

J Quaternary Science

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In this paper, we compare the elemental and isotopic (C, N, Pb) geochemistry of lake sediments from two contrasted environments in south‐central Chile. The first lake, Laguna Chica de San Pedro (LCSP), is situated in the urbanised area of the Biobio Region (36°S). The second lake, Lago Puyehue (40° S), is located 400 km to the southeast of LCSP and within an Andean national park. Our aim is to identify environmental impacts associated with increasing industrial activities and land degradation during the last 150 a. In LCSP, shifts in C/N atomic ratios, δ13C and δ15N from 1915–1937 to the late 1980s are attributed to successive land degradation episodes in the lake watershed. Based on a Pb isotopic mixing model, we estimate that up to 20% of lead in LCSP sediments is supplied from urban atmospheric pollution. By contrast, human impact in the watershed of Lago Puyehue is very limited. We observe no change in organic geochemistry during the last 150 a and lead contamination remains lower than 5%, even during the last decades. Although contamination levels are much higher in LCSP than in Lago Puyehue, a peak in anthropogenic Pb is recorded during the same period (1974–1976) at both sites. This maximum contamination level is consistent with increased industrial activity in the vicinity of Concepción. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Sources and chronology of atmospheric lead deposition to a Canadian Shield lake: Inferences from Pb isotopes and PAH profiles

Cited by 87 publications

References 57 publications

Lead biogeochemistry in a central Ontario Forested watershed

Lead biogeochemistry in a central Ontario Forested watershed

Isotopic Record of Lead Contamination in Alluvial Soils and Tree Rings on Recent Floodplains (Southern Québec, Canada)

Geochemical evidence (C, N and Pb isotopes) of recent anthropogenic impact in south‐central Chile from two environmentally distinct lake sediment records

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