Sources and transport of persistent pollutants to the Arctic

Burkow, Ivan C.; Kallenborn, Roland

doi:10.1016/s0378-4274(99)00254-4

Cited by 84 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…However, since the first reports of 'Arctic haze' by Mitchell (1956) studies have shown that significant long-range transport of atmospheric pollutants to Svalbard can occur and is thought to originate in the former Soviet Union, western Europe, and North America (e.g. Rahn and Shaw 1982;Barrie 1986;Heintzenberg 1989;Jaworowski 1989;Maenhaut et al 1989;Grodzinska and Godzik 1991;Beine et al 1996;Burkow and Kallenborn 2000). Data from the European Monitoring and Evaluation Programme (EMEP) (Berge 1997) suggest that attributable SOx deposition on Svalbard (about one-third of the total SOx deposition for annual mean data between 1985 -1995) originates mainly from the Kola/Karelia region of Russia with other attributable inputs from the remainder of the Russian Federation, the UK, and marine sources.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lake-Sediment Evidence for Local and Remote Sources of Atmospherically Deposited Pollutants on Svalbard

Rose

Boyle

Appleby

2004

Journal of Paleolimnology

100

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* This is the seventh in a series of nine papers published in this special issue dedicated to recent environmental change on Svalbard. H.J.B. Birks, Vivienne J. Jones, and Neil L. Rose were guest editors of this special issue. 31: 499-513, 2004 1 Abstract Twenty-one lakes along the west coast of Svalbard were cored between 28 July and 14 August 1995. Five cores were 210 Pb dated and analysed for spheroidal carbonaceous particles (SCPs), indicators of deposition from fossil-fuel combustion sources, and trace metals. Surface and pre-industrial levels of five cores were analysed for ten polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) isomers and 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) compounds, whilst all 21 surface sediments were analysed for SCPs. Temporal and spatial trends in the atmospheric deposition of pollutants were identified. Whilst temporal patterns of deposited pollutants may have been truncated due to concentrations falling below the limits of detection, spatial patterns showed elevated levels of SCP, PAH, PCB, and possibly Pb within 60 -70 km of Isfjord. Journal of PaleolimnologyTenndammen (U), the closest site to Longyearbyen, showed the highest levels of contamination for all pollutants. Differences in the deposition patterns of PAH and PCB are thought to be due to local sources of PAH from coal combustion whilst PCB sources are remote. It is concluded that the impact from atmospheric deposition on Svalbard is due to a combination of spatially limited local sources superimposed on a broad-scale, long-range pattern.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lake-Sediment Evidence for Local and Remote Sources of Atmospherically Deposited Pollutants on Svalbard

Rose

Boyle

Appleby

2004

Journal of Paleolimnology

100

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“…[11,17,19,69] The entrainment of chemicals in a remote Interior Alaskan glacier reiterates the transport and deposition of Preprints (www.preprints.org) | NOT PEER-REVIEWED | Posted: 9 August 2018 doi:10.20944/preprints201808.0176.v1…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The atmospheric range potential of each chemical is determined in part by distance from source, air mass transport, weight and volatility, with some pesticides able to redeposit multiple times. [6,7,[10][11][12][13][14] ΣHCH has the greatest atmospheric range of all OCPs, due in part to its high volatility and low reactivity, which increases the probability of Arctic deposition. [15][16][17][18][19] Based upon this previous work, we hypothesized that it would be possible to identify an OCP signal within glaciers of the Interior Alaskan Arctic, where no OCP glacial sampling studies have been conducted.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organochlorine Pollutants within a Polythermal Glacier in the Interior Eastern Alaska Range

Miner¹,

Campbell²,

Gerbi³

et al. 2018

Preprint

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Abstract:To assess the presence of organochlorine pollutants (OCP) in Alaskan sub-Arctic latitudes, we analyzed ice core and meltwater samples from Jarvis Glacier, a polythermal glacier in Interior Alaska. Jarvis Glacier is receding as atmospheric warming continues throughout the region, increasing opportunity for OCP transport both englacially and into the proglacial watershed. Across glacial meltwater and ice core samples we utilize solid-phase extraction technology and identify the pesticides DDT, DDE and DDD, α-HCH and ϒ-HCH. OCP concentrations in ice core samples were highest at the 7-14 m depth (0.51 ng/L of DDT) and decreased gradually approaching the bedrock at 79m. Meltwater concentrations from the proglacial creek slightly exceeded concentrations found in the ice core, potentially indicating aggregate OCP glacial loss, with peak OCP concentration (1.12 ng/L of DDD) taken in July and possibly associated to peak melt. Ongoing use of DDT to fight Malaria in Asia, and the extended atmospheric range of HCH may account for concentrations in near-surface ice of this remote glacier, correlating with use and atmospheric transport. The opportunity for bioaccumulation of OCPs, in humans or animals, of glacially distributed pollutants may increase as glacial melt continues.

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“…Stepanets et al in Russia, Western Europe and North America Barrie 1986;Burkow and Kallenborn 2000). Perhaps the distribution of 137 Cs was also a result of atmospheric transport and deposition (AMAP 2004;Romanov 2004;Vana 2004;Sapota et al 2009 (Gwynn et al 2004) while the radioactivity of 137 Cs in the North Atlantic water was below 1.5 Bq/m 3 (Gulin and Stokozov 2005) and in the Barents Sea around 3 Bq/m 3 (Strand et al 2002).…”

Section: Jamtveit Et Al 2006)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Radionuclide activities in sediments on the northern coast of Spitsbergen

Wojtasik¹,

Świrydowicz²,

Burska³

et al. 2017

Polish Polar Research

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Abstract:The specific activity of natural gamma emitters like actinium ( 228 Ac), bismuth ( 212 Bi, 214 Bi), lead ( 212 Pb, 214 Pb), potassium ( 40 K), radium ( 224 Ra), thallium ( 208 Tl) and artificial radioisotope caesium ( 137 Cs) was measured in 2005 in the surface layer of marine sediments in the northern Svalbard: Wijdefjorden, Woodfjorden, Vestfjorden and Bockfjorden as well as in the freshwater reservoirs in Andre Land. Nonuniform spatial distribution of these radionuclides was found. Sediment sample from Bockfjorden had the highest specific activities of all natural radionuclides. The specific radioactivity of 137 Cs was much lower than specific radioactivities of natural radionuclides but there were differences between investigated locations. The distribution of 137 Cs is similar to persistent organic pollutants of the lake sediments in the area.

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Sources and transport of persistent pollutants to the Arctic

Cited by 84 publications

References 22 publications

Lake-Sediment Evidence for Local and Remote Sources of Atmospherically Deposited Pollutants on Svalbard

Lake-Sediment Evidence for Local and Remote Sources of Atmospherically Deposited Pollutants on Svalbard

Organochlorine Pollutants within a Polythermal Glacier in the Interior Eastern Alaska Range

Radionuclide activities in sediments on the northern coast of Spitsbergen

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