Sources of Carbohydrate for Germination and Growth of Orchid Seedlings

Wynd, F. L.

doi:10.2307/2394196

Cited by 24 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Work with other orchid species has also demonstrated the ability of seedlings to synthesize sucrose from other sugars (SMITH 1967). Several sugars other than glucose, fructose, and sucrose have been shown to be acceptable sources of carbohydrate for germination of various orchids (LA GARDE 1929;QuEDNOW 1930;WYND 1933;ARDITTI 1967;ERNST 1967;ERNST, ARDITTI, and HEALEY 1971).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiological Changes During the Germination of Cattleya aurantiaca (Orchidaceae)

Harrison¹,

Arditti²

1978

Botanical Gazette

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Se~s of Cattleya 011ra11t~aca grown ~ymbiotically on a medium containing sucrose as the sole source of organic carbon developed into leaf-bearing plants. Those sown on the same medium without sugar reached the protocorm stage but did not differentiate further. Cross transfers of seedlings between the two media indicated that following 21-30 days of growth on the sucrose-containing medium subsequent development may_proceed in the absence of sugar. Levels of chlorophyll and ribulose-1,5-diphosphate carboxylase were monitored and related to the ability of young seedlings to photosynthesize. A direct relationship between chlorophyll content and photosynthesis was not found. Increases in the activity of the enzyme were closely paralleled by increases in phdtosynthesis. A direct relationship was not found between chlorophyll a/ b ratios and photosynthetic capacity. Germinating seeds and seedli ngs grown in the absence of exogenous carbohydrate were unable to convert appreciable amounts of labeled acetate to sugar.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiological Changes During the Germination of Cattleya aurantiaca (Orchidaceae)

Harrison¹,

Arditti²

1978

Botanical Gazette

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“…Bletilla hyacinthina, Dactylorchis purpurella (Smith, 1973) and Vanilla planifolia (Bouriquet and Boiteau, 1937) do not utilize sugar alcohols, but G. septentrionalis utilized them as a carbon source. Hence, G. septentrionalis could utilize rather more varied carbohydrate sources compared with green orchids (Quednow, 1930;Wynd, 1933;Ernst et al, 1971;Smith, 1973), but could not utilize polysaccharides and carbon skeletons of amino acid, unlike microbial saprophytes.…”

Section: Growth Regulatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

NUTRITIONAL CONDITIONS REQUIRED FOR THE NON‐SYMBIOTIC CULTURE OF AN ACHLOROPHYLLOUS ORCHID GALEOLA SEP TEN TRIO N ALIS

Nakamura

1982

New Phytologist

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SUMMARYGaleola septeiitrionalis Reichb. f. grew and developed roots and leaves on the agar medium containing commonly used nutrients in the absence of its symbiotic partner when kept in appropriate atmospheric conditions. Glucose, glycerol, fructose, inositol, mannitol, mannose, ribose, sorbitol and xylose were utilized as carbon sources, arabinose, rhamnose and sorbose were not and galactose inhibited growth. Mixture of two monosaccharides in some combinations showed no synergistic effect though they had an additive effect.An amino acid mixture and urea were good nitrogen sources, but allantoin, ammonium salt and nitrate were poor ones. Nitrite and uric acid inhibited growth.Several vitamins did not affect growth when added to or deleted from the culture medium singly OT in combinations.Auxins improved growth immediately after germination and cytokinins showed no effect at this phase. The growth and development following this phase, however, were promoted by addition of cytokinins and not by auxins. Cytokinins given during this later phase induced rhizogenic growth at concentrations lower than 10' M and induced caulogenic growth at concentrations higher than 10^'^ M. Gibberellin at concentrations higher than 3 x 10~" M retarded growth.G. septentrionalis is considered to be a prototrophic heterotroph and its mycorrhizal fungus rnay act by supplying commonly known nutrients to this achlorophyllous orchid.

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“…Following the development of the fuse media for orchid seed germination (Knudson 1921(Knudson , 1922(Knudson , 1925(Knudson , 1946a) a considerable number of ocher media have been devised (la Garde 1929, Wynd 1933a, b, Burgeff 1936, Yates and Curtis 1949, Vacio and Went 1949a, Vacio 1950a, b, Sideris 1950, Kriechbaum 195 3, Withner 1959a, b, Kano 1965. Certain of these culture media are only slight modifications of Knudson's B or C ( 1922Knudson's B or C ( , 1946a) media whereas others include considerable changes and represent an effort to improve seed germination and seedling growth, especially in species which are difficult co germinate.…”

Section: Mineral Nutritionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A systematic invescigacion of the effecrs of various ions has revealed that best germination and development occurred on media low in phosphate irrespective of whether che calcium or potassium salts were used (Wynd 1933a). Inasmuch as insoluble ferrous phosphate [Fe ( P04 ) 2 ] may be formed in the presence of phosphate during autoclaving (Vacin 1950b), it is possible char at a low phosphate concentration sufficient iron remains present in available form.…”

Section: Mineral Nutritionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the early phases of the second period, which began with Knudson's publications, the merits of symbiosis and asymbiosis were argued, sometimes violently, by their partisans (Constantin 1925, 1926, Constantin and Magrou 1922, Knudson 1924, 1930, Burgeff 1936, Bultel 1924, 1926 . Later the effects of various ions (laGarde 1929, Wynd 1933a , sugars (Quednow 1930, Wynd 1933b) , vitamins (Noggle and Wynd 1943, Meyer 1943, Mariat 1944, Bahme 1949 , hormones (Mariat 1952, Withner 1959a , and other complex organic additives (Knudson 1922, Quednow 1930 were examined. At present investigators are attempting the srudy of the physiology of orchid seed germination in the light of modern physiological, biochemical, and molecular biological concepts (Raghavan and Torrey 1963, Ardicci 1965a In Press a, In Press c).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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