Sources of Human and Murine Hematopoietic Stem Cells

Abstract

This unit describes various sites from which human and murine hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) can be collected, including bone marrow, peripheral blood, and, in the case of human HSC, umbilical cord blood. Guidelines related to each of the cell harvesting procedures are described, and a discussion of the expected populations of cells harvested from these various sites is included. Cell products can be composed of a combination of true HSC, lineage-committed hematopoietic progenitor cells, and terminally differentiated fully mature cells. While use of steady-state peripheral blood as a source of HSC is the most convenient approach, yields of these cells are very low. However, mobilization methods that stimulate movement of stem cells out of the bone marrow into peripheral blood significantly increase HSC yields. Use of G-CSF has been accepted as the standard method for stem cell mobilization. The unit describes a variety of investigational cytokines and chemokines that have been shown to mobilize human stem including interleukin 3, 11, and 8, flt-3 ligand, and stem cell factor.

The potency of hematopoietic stem cell reprogramming for changing immune tone

“…Further, employing bone marrow biopsy is highly impractical at the scale necessary for human disease research, especially with patients already suffering from pathologies and requiring complex therapy. The resulting scarcity of material has prompted researchers to look beyond traditional bone marrow extraction, exploring other tissues where HSPCs reside, such as, the adipose tissue, liver, placenta, extramedullary, mesenchymal, and peripheral tissues, [113][114][115] each providing distinct insights into the behavior and capabilities of these cells. One intriguing source of HSPC comes from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), where circulating CD34 + cells represent ~0.05% of PBMC and until recently lacked detailed description.…”

Cord blood unit bankability can be predicted by prenatal sonographic parameters

“…Moreover, this correlation is only possible at term (37-41 gestational weeks). Indeed, before 36 gestational weeks, haematopoiesis is distributed differently with the larger amount reserved for liver function, and it is specifically in the last weeks of pregnancy that there is an increase in the growth pattern of the femur with a surge in its haematopoietic function [35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45].…”