Sources of Phosphorus Lost from a Grazed Pasture Receiving Simulated Rainfall

McDowell, R. W.; Nash, David; Robertson, Fiona

doi:10.2134/jeq2006.0347

Cited by 68 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…However, on average for the same studies, the relative contribution to total P loss was about 10% from fertilizer, 15% from soil dissolved P, 30% from dung, and 45% from soil erosion. In New Zealand, McDowell et al (2007) used data from a series of controlled experiments and empirical equations to make similar estimates of annual P loss from grazed pastures. They found that of the estimated P losses, fertilizer comprised 12-13%, soil P (combination of dissolved and eroded P) comprised 29-45%, dung P losses comprised 28-38%, and P from pasture-plants was 15-21%.…”

Section: Testing Of Aple For P Loss From Cattle Pasturesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There has been significant research conducted to monitor N and P loss in runoff from grazed pastures (Edwards et al, 2000;Halliwell et al, 2000;Nash et al, 2000;O'reagain et al, 2005;Haan et al, 2006;Owens and Shipitalo, 2006;Capece et al, 2007;McDowell et al, 2007;Dougherty et al, 2008). However, considerably less pasture runoff research has been conducted compared to nutrient loss from cultivated cropland, and most of it has been conducted in Australia, New Zealand, and the United Kingdom.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Monitoring runoff from cattle-grazed pastures for a phosphorus loss quantification tool

Vadas

Busch

Powell

et al. 2015

Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment

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A B S T R A C TNitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) loss from agriculture persists as a water quality impairment issue. For dairy farms, nutrients can be lost from cropland, pastures, barnyards, and outdoor cattle lots. We monitored N and P loss in runoff from dairy and beef grazed pastures for two years in southwest Wisconsin, USA and tested the accuracy of the Annual P Loss Estimator (APLE) model to predict runoff P from pastures using study and literature data. About 3-10% of annual precipitation became runoff from the pastures, and sediment loss was very low due to well-established vegetation. Measured annual nutrient loss in runoff was also low, averaging 1.0 kg ha À1 for total P and 2.9 kg ha À1 for total N. Runoff sediment and particulate N and P concentrations were well related to each other and tended to be greater in rainfall-induced runoff than snowmelt runoff. Conversely, dissolved N and P runoff concentrations were greater in snowmelt runoff. APLE was able to reliably predict annual P loss in runoff, estimating that the average relative contribution to total pasture P loss was about 10% from fertilizer, 15% from soil dissolved P, 30% from dung, and 45% from soil erosion. Our study has increased the ability to develop reliable models for estimating the impact of cattle grazing pastures on nutrient runoff, which will be valuable in estimating whole-farm P loss from dairy production systems and identifying areas on dairy farms where P loss remediation should be targeted. Published by Elsevier B.V.

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Section: Testing Of Aple For P Loss From Cattle Pasturesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring runoff from cattle-grazed pastures for a phosphorus loss quantification tool

Vadas

Busch

Powell

et al. 2015

Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment

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“…Soils to be placed under a rainfall simulator to generate surface runoff were excavated using a purpose-built cutting blade modified from the work McDowell et al (2007). Briefly, this involved hammering the 0.8 m long by 0.2 m wide blade to 0.15 m depth and carefully excavating topsoil.…”

Section: Experimental Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of cattle treading and soil moisture on phosphorus and sediment losses in surface runoff from pasture

Cournane¹,

McDowell²,

Condron³

2010

New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research

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Cattle treading is known to influence surface runoff contaminants such as phosphorus (P) and suspended sediment (SS). The objective of this work was to determine how simulated cattle treading affects losses of P and SS in surface runoff from four soils (Brown, Melanic, Pallic and Recent Gley) with contrasting resistance to treading damage and drainage properties. Soils were excavated, placed in boxes (0.8 m long and 0.20 m wide) and one of three moisture treatments were imposed (10, 50 and 90% of available water holding capacity) before surface runoff was induced via simulated rainfall; P fraction and SS were determined in the resulting runoff. The Pallic and Recent Gley soils lost the most P and SS compared with the better structured Brown and Melanic soils. Greater losses of particulate phosphorous (PP) and SS were observed at higher soil moisture contents. In contrast, dissolved P in runoff was greater at lower soil moisture contents, especially dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP), which accounted for up to 90% of total P losses at 10% soil moisture in the Recent Gley soil. Measurement of soil water soluble P, a surrogate for DRP at a range of soil moisture contents, suggests this could be due to lysis of soil microbial biomass upon drying. Although concentrations and loads of DRP in surface runoff were greatest at 10% moisture, the risk of surface runoff is less than the risk posed by PP and SS losses with treading on wet soils, where surface runoff is more likely. This was particularly true for the Pallic and Recent Gley soils. It is therefore recommended that, to minimise SS and P losses to surface water, care be taken when grazing these soils under wet winterÁspring conditions. Although collected under controlled conditions, these data help to explain the wide range of potential SS and P losses that may occur in a field due to hydrologic and soil variation.

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“…However, it is also possible to leach up to 80% of P from the shoots of dried and freshly cut pasture and crop residues (Sharpley 1981;Timmons et al 1970;Wendt and Corey 1980). McDowell et al (2007) showed that by hydrologically separating topsoil from shoots with petrolatum, up to a quarter of total P lost in surface runoff for 30 days after grazing of a ryegrass-white clover pasture to a residual dry matter cover of 1,300 kg ha −1 was released from plant shoots. This P was previously held within vacuoles and exposed by ripping of shoots, or the decomposition of damaged material (McDowell et al 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phosphorus in pasture plants: potential implications for phosphorus loss in surface runoff

McDowell

Sharpley²,

Crush

et al. 2010

Plant Soil

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Phosphorus (P) loss from land can impair surface water quality. Losses can occur from soil and plant components. While it is known that P losses increase with soil P concentration, it is not known how losses from pasture plants vary with soil P concentration or between different forages. We examined total P and filterable reactive P (FRP) in water extracts of plant shoots, used as a measure of potential P loss to surface runoff, in different forage species relative to soil P concentration in field trials and a glasshouse experiment. The mean total P concentration of 16 forage species in grazed field plots was greater (P<0.01; LSD 05 =117 mg kg −1 ) in legumes (3,480 mg kg −1 ) than for grasses (3,210 mg kg −1 ). Total plant P concentrations of grasses and legumes increased with soil Mehlich-3 P concentrations in both glasshouse and field trials with concentrations close to 6,000 mg kg −1 in arrowleaf clover at 680 mg kg −1 Mehlich-3 soil P. FRP in water extracts of plant shoots increased relative to plant total P as soil Mehlich-3 P increased, with the greatest concentrations shown by crimson clover and arrowleaf clover. Analysis of water extracts of ryegrass and clover herbage from a field trial showed that while FRP was increasing, phytase-available-P decreased significantly from about 70% of filterable unreactive P at the lowest Mehlich-3 P concentrations, to close to zero at 200 mg kg −1 Mehlich-3 P. The wide variation, and enrichment of FRP in water extracts and total P with increasing Mehlich-3 P among species, indicates that cultivar and site selection and sward management provide a potential option to mitigate P loss to surface waters.

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Sources of Phosphorus Lost from a Grazed Pasture Receiving Simulated Rainfall

Cited by 68 publications

References 41 publications

Monitoring runoff from cattle-grazed pastures for a phosphorus loss quantification tool

Monitoring runoff from cattle-grazed pastures for a phosphorus loss quantification tool

Effects of cattle treading and soil moisture on phosphorus and sediment losses in surface runoff from pasture

Phosphorus in pasture plants: potential implications for phosphorus loss in surface runoff

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