Sources of Pollutants in Urban Areas (Part 2) - Recent Sheetflow Monitoring

Abstract

Two research projects that examined source area sheetflows that were conducted in the 1990s are high-lighted in this chapter. These are a comprehensive project conducted in Birmingham, AL, as part of a project developing a control strategy for critical source areas, and a series of related projects conducted in Wisconsin as part of the DNR's efforts in calibrating the Source Loading and Management Model (SLAMM). A bibliography of recent source area monitoring activities by other researchers is also included in this chapter.These recent projects conducted in Alabama and Wisconsin are more comprehensive than the earlier monitoring efforts described in the previous chapter. These large projects included a wide range of land uses, source sources, and pollutants, in coordinated monitoring efforts. This information complements the data presented previously. Pitt, et al. (1995) studied stormwater runoff samples from a variety of source areas under different rain conditions in Birmingham, AL. All of the samples were analyzed in filtered (0.45 µm filter) and non-filtered forms to enable Birmingham, Alabama, Sheetflow Monitoring

Is Denser Greener? An Evaluation of Higher Density Development as an Urban Stormwater‐Quality Best Management Practice1

“…As might be expected, EMC values vary greatly between land uses (Table 2), but also within land uses when measured from region to region, and to a lesser degree, even within land uses at a given location (USEPA, 1983; Fletcher et al. , 2004; Pitt et al. , 2004).…”

Evapotranspiration and Related Calculations for Bioretention Devices

“…The volumetric runoff coefficients (R v , the volumetric fraction of that rainfall that occurs as runoff) (Table 19.11) can be used to approximate the fraction of annual rainfall that would occur as runoff for various land uses and surface conditions. Table 19.12 summarizes likely suspended solids concentrations associated with different urban areas and waters (Pitt, et al 2005a and2005b). Using this information and the local annual rain depth and source area size, it is possible to estimate the annual suspended solids loading from an area and to determine clogging potential for a bioretention device.…”

Land Development Characteristics in Jefferson County, Alabama

“…Urban runoff is a collection of many separate source area flow components that are combined within the drainage area before entering the receiving waters (Pitt 1987 and2000;Pitt, et al 2005a;2005b;and 2005c). A popular way to identify sources of urban runoff is to divide the urban watershed into major land uses categories according to their main land use (residential, institutional, industrial, commercial, open space, freeway, etc.).…”