Sources of sodium in atmospheric fine particles

Ooki, Atsushi; Uematsu, Mitsuo; Miura, Kazuhiko; Nakae, Sigeru

doi:10.1016/s1352-2310(02)00341-2

Cited by 61 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 25 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Uma parte desse montante pode ter como origem a vegetação, especialmente o K + faceà sua abundância como sal associadoà copa da floresta (Costa & De Mello, 1997), outros materiais de origem biogênica e a poeira do solo. Como fontes antrópicas destacam-se as atividades industriais associadasà produção de cimento e fertilizantes, a construção civil e a incineração de lixo urbano, e a queima de biomassa vegetal (Lee et al, 1999;Ooki et al, 2002). As espécies iônicas inorgânicas associadas ao MP grosso que apresentaram diferenças estatisticamente significativas (P< 0,01), entre os períodos seco e regular, foram o Na + , K + , NO O déficit de Cl − (def-Cl − ) (De Souza et al, 2010) durante a estiagem foi de 58%, cerca de 4 vezes superior ao período regular.…”

Section: Concentrações Dosíons Inorgânicos Associados Ao Mp Grossounclassified

Variações temporais do material particulado inalável fino e grosso e íons inorgânicos solúveis em São José dos Campos, SP

Souza¹,

Mello²,

Mariani³

et al. 2011

Rev. Bras. Geof.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

ABSTRACT. PM 2.5 and PM 2.5 10 samples were collected at São José dos Campos (São Paulo) from February 2004 to February 2005. During this time there were two periods of drought, one lasting for 25 consecutive days and a second one for 38 days. The later exhibited higher PM concentrations values than the first one. Data were divided into two groups, one comprising all measurements carried out during the 63 days without rain (dry period) and a second one comprising the remaining data (regular period). The PM 2.5 and PM 2.5 10 average concentrations were respectively 23 ± 7.5 and 19 ± 7.9 μg m −3 during dry period and 14 ± 7.9 and 13 ± 7.9 μg m −3 during regular period. There was a day-of-week variation with highest average concentrations on Wednesday (PM 2.5 ) and Thursday (PM 2.5 10 ) and lowest on Sunday. The PM 2.5 10 exhibited the most pronounced variation suggesting an association with vehicular emissions. During both dry and regular periods, average SO 2− 4 and NH + 4 concentrations were about 5 times higher in the fine than in the coarse fraction. PM 2.5 ionic concentrations, especially that of K + , were higher in the dry period compared to regular one (except for Cl − , Na + and Mg 2+ ). Hierarchical cluster analysis and backward air mass trajectories indicate that during the dry period NO Keywords: atmospheric particulate matter, inhalable particles, fine particulate matter, coarse particulate matter, long-range transport. duas longas estiagens, com durações de 25 e 38 dias consecutivos. As concentrações de MP foram maiores na segunda do que na primeira. Os dados foram divididos em dois grupos, um contendo resultados das medições efetuadas durante as duas estiagens (período seco) e outro contendo os dados do restante do ano (período regular). As concentrações médias do MP 2,5 e MP 2,5 10 foram respectivamente 23 ± 7,5 μg m −3 e 19 ± 7,9 μg m −3 no período seco e 14±7,9 μg m −3 e 13 ± 7,9 μg m −3 no período regular. Houve variação entre os dias da semana, com concentrações médias de MP maiores na quarta-feira (MP 2,5 ) e quinta-feira (MP 2,5 10 ) e menores no domingo. A variação mais acentuada ocorreu para o MP 2,5 10 , sugerindo uma relação com emissões veiculares. Durante os períodos seco e regular, as concentrações de SO Palavras-chave: material particulado atmosférico, partículas inaláveis, material particulado fino, material particulado grosso, transporte a longa distância. RESUMO. Amostras de MP

show abstract

Section: Concentrações Dosíons Inorgânicos Associados Ao Mp Grossounclassified

Variações temporais do material particulado inalável fino e grosso e íons inorgânicos solúveis em São José dos Campos, SP

Souza¹,

Mello²,

Mariani³

et al. 2011

Rev. Bras. Geof.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Thus, the burning of mixed sodium sulphate and biomass residuals (contains abundant K) might be the source of Na-S-K-O-rich particles. However, burning of other waste is also a potential source for these particles (Hwang and Ro, 2006), because waste burning is a major source of Na in continental areas (Ooki et al, 2002). The plentiful presence of aerosols originated from burning sources in sample 10 is also supported by the high proportions of soot and mixed soot/sulphate particles in the Ternary diagrams of Cl-Na-S (top row) and K-Mg-Ca (bottom row) ratios for all sea salt particles (blue symbols) and porous Na-S-K-O-rich particles (red symbols) in selected PM 1−3.3 samples.…”

Section: Silicates and Metal Oxides/hydroxidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in background aerosol composition in Finland during polluted and clean periods studied by TEM/EDX individual particle analysis

Niemi

Saarikoski

Tervahattu³

et al. 2006

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract.Aerosol samples were collected at a rural background site in southern Finland in May 2004 during pollution episode (PM 1 ∼16 µg m −3 , backward air mass trajectories from south-east), intermediate period (PM 1 ∼5 µg m −3 , backtrajectories from north-east) and clean period (PM 1 ∼2 µg m −3 , backtrajectories from northwest/north). The elemental composition, morphology and mixing state of individual aerosol particles in three size fractions were studied using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) coupled with energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) microanalyses. The TEM/EDX results were complemented with the size-segregated bulk chemical measurements of selected ions and organic and elemental carbon. Many of the particles in PM 0.2−1 and PM 1−3.3 size fractions were strongly internally mixed with S, C and/or N. The major particle types in PM 0.2−1 samples were 1) soot and 2) (ammonium)sulphates and their mixtures with variable amounts of C, K, soot and/or other inclusions. Number proportions of those two particle groups in PM 0.2−1 samples were 0-12% and 83-97%, respectively. During the pollution episode, the proportion of Ca-rich particles was very high (26-48%) in the PM 1−3.3 and PM 3.3−11 samples, while the PM 0.2−1 and PM 1−3.3 samples contained elevated proportions of silicates (22-33%), metal oxides/hydroxides (1-9%) and tar balls (1-4%). These aerosols originated mainly from polluted areas of Eastern Europe, and some open biomass burning smoke was also brought by long-range transport. During the clean period, when air masses arrived from the Arctic Ocean, PM 1−3.3 samples contained mainly sea salt particles (67-89%) with a variable rate of Cl substitution (mainly by NO porous (sponge-like) Na-rich particles (35%) with abundant S, K and O. They might originate from the burning of wood pulp wastes of paper industry. The proportion of biological particles and C-rich fragments (probably also biological origin) were highest in the PM 3.3−11 samples (0-81% and 0-22%, respectively). The origin of different particle types and the effect of aging processes on particle composition and their hygroscopic and optical properties are discussed.

show abstract

“…S-rich particles also contained some Na and Si, which may have originated partly from biomass burning but also from many other sources, e.g. marine aerosols, fossil fuel burning and refuse incineration (Watson et al, 2001;Ooki et al, 2002).…”

Section: Sem/edx Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of aerosol particle episodes in Finland caused by wildfires in Eastern Europe

et al. 2005

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. We studied the sources, compositions and size distributions of aerosol particles during long-range transport (LRT) PM 2.5 episodes which occurred on 12-15 August, 26-28 August and 5-6 September 2002 in Finland. Backward air mass trajectories, satellite detections of fire areas and dispersion modelling results indicate that emissions from wildfires in Russia and other Eastern European countries arrived in Finland during these episodes. Elemental analyses using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with energy dispersive X-ray microanalyses (EDX) showed that the proportions of S-rich particles and agglomerates (agglomeration was caused partly by the sampling method used) increased during the episodes, and they contained elevated fractions of K, indicating emissions from biomass burning. These aerosols were mixed with S-rich emissions from fossil fuel burning during transport since air masses came through polluted areas of Europe. Minor amounts of coarse Ca-rich particles were also brought by LRT during the episodes, and they probably originated from wildfires and/or from Estonian and Russian oil-shale-burning industrial areas. Ion chromatography analysis showed that concentrations of sulphate (SO 2− 4 ), total nitrate (NO − 3 +HNO 3 (g)) and total ammonium (NH + 4 +NH 3 (g)) increased during the episodes, but the ratio of the total amount of these ions to PM 10 concentration decreased, indicating unusually high fractions of other chemical components. Particle number size distribution measurements with differential mobility particle sizer (DMPS) revealed that concentrations of particles 90-500 nm increasedCorrespondence to: J. V. Niemi (jarkko.v.niemi@helsinki.fi) during the episodes, while concentrations of particles smaller than 90 nm decreased. The reduction of the smallest particles was caused by suppressed new particle formation due to vapour and molecular cluster uptake of LRT particles. Our results show that emissions from wildfires in Russian and other Eastern European countries deteriorated air quality of very large areas, even at distances of over 1000 km from the fire areas.

show abstract

Sources of sodium in atmospheric fine particles

Cited by 61 publications

References 25 publications

Variações temporais do material particulado inalável fino e grosso e íons inorgânicos solúveis em São José dos Campos, SP

Variações temporais do material particulado inalável fino e grosso e íons inorgânicos solúveis em São José dos Campos, SP

Changes in background aerosol composition in Finland during polluted and clean periods studied by TEM/EDX individual particle analysis

Characterization of aerosol particle episodes in Finland caused by wildfires in Eastern Europe

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About