Sources of Variability in Structural Bending Response of Pediatric and Adult Human Ribs in Dynamic Frontal Impacts

Agnew, Amanda M.; Murach, Michelle M.; Dominguez, Victoria M.; Sreedhar, Akshara; Misicka, Elina; Harden, Angela L.; Bolte, John H.; Stammen, Jason; Moorhouse, Kevin

doi:10.4271/2018-22-0004

Cited by 22 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 81 publications

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“…However, (Agnew et al. ) found no significant decrease in average pleural or cutaneous Ct . Th with age (or by sex) on a large sample of ribs, suggesting age is likely not a confounding factor here.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Slides were then prepared according to undecalcified hard tissue histology standards (see Agnew et al. ). High‐resolution microscopy (Olympus BX61VS) allowed for direct image capture (i.e.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…; Agnew et al. ). In most current models the rib global geometry is drawn from a single individual, and cortical bone thickness values are drawn from these limited or simplified literature sources (Kemper et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Global and cross‐sectional geometry have been identified as important predictors of this response in ribs (Stein, ; Agnew et al. , ; Holcombe et al. ; Murach et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…; Choi & Kwak, ; Agnew et al. ) and is commonly represented in finite element (FE) computational models using shell elements surrounding a solid trabecular core. Li et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Regional maps of rib cortical bone thickness and cross‐sectional geometry

et al. 2019

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Here we present detailed regional bone thickness and cross‐sectional measurements from full adult ribs using high resolution CT scans processed with a cortical bone mapping technique. Sixth ribs from 33 subjects ranging from 24 to 99 years of age were used to produce average cortical bone thickness maps and to provide average ± 1SD corridors for expected cross‐section properties (cross‐sectional areas and inertial moments) as a function of rib length. Results obtained from CT data were validated at specific rib locations using direct measurements from cut sections. Individual thickness measurements from CT had an accuracy (mean error) and precision (SD error) of −0.013 ± 0.167 mm (R2 coefficient of determination of 0.84). CT‐based measurement errors for rib cross‐sectional geometry were −0.1 ± 13.1% (cortical bone cross‐sectional area) and 4.7 ± 1.8% (total cross‐sectional area). Rib cortical bone thickness maps show the expected regional variation across a typical rib's surface. The local mid‐rib maxima in cortical thickness along the pleural rib aspect ranged from range 0.9 to 2.6 mm across the study population with an average map maximum of 1.4 mm. Along the cutaneous aspect, rib cortical bone thickness ranged from 0.7 to 1.9 mm with an average map thickness of 0.9 mm. Average cross‐sectional properties show a steady reduction in total cortical bone area from 10% along the rib's length through to the sternal end, whereas overall cross‐sectional area remains relatively constant along the majority of the rib's length before rising steeply towards the sternal end. On average, male ribs contained more cortical bone within a given cross‐section than was seen for female ribs. Importantly, however, this difference was driven by male ribs having larger overall cross‐sectional areas, rather than by sex differences in the bone thickness observed at specific local cortex sites. The cortical bone thickness results here can be used directly to improve the accuracy of current human body and rib models. Furthermore, the measurement corridors obtained from adult subjects across a wide age range can be used to validate future measurements from more widely available image sources such as clinical CT where gold standard reference measures (e.g. such as direct measurements obtained from cut sections) are otherwise unobtainable.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Global and cross‐sectional geometry have been identified as important predictors of this response in ribs (Stein, ; Agnew et al. , ; Holcombe et al. ; Murach et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…; Choi & Kwak, ; Agnew et al. ) and is commonly represented in finite element (FE) computational models using shell elements surrounding a solid trabecular core. Li et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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