South African hydrogen infrastructure (HySA infrastructure) for fuel cells and energy storage: Overview of a projects portfolio

Bessarabov, Dmitri; Human, Gerhardus; Krüger, Andries J.; Chiuta, Steven; Modisha, Phillimon; Preez, S.P. du; Oelofse, Stephanus P.; Vincent, Immanuel; Merwe, Jan van der; Langmi, Henrietta W.; Ren, Jianwei; Musyoka, Nicholas M.

doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2016.12.140

Cited by 51 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 93 publications

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“…Similarly, the technological infrastructure of the region where the investment is made has an important role in the effectiveness of these energy investments. [16,17,[40][41][42] Research and development (criterion 6) This criterion covers the research and development activities necessary for the efficient execution of complex hydrogen energy investment projects. In this context, issues such as whether the companies allocate sufficient resources for this purpose and the potential of existing personnel are evaluated.…”

Section: Literature Review Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some researchers have also argued that the technological infrastructure must be of high quality for the success of hydrogen investments; it is essential both for the company and for the region to be invested in [16]. Since hydrogen energy investments contain significant engineering knowledge [17], Garcia [40], Welder et al [41], and Walker et al [42] have claimed that it does not seem possible for companies with insufficient infrastructure to be very successful in their investments in this energy project. In addition, the technological infrastructure of the region where hydrogen energy investments will be made is important for the supply and use of hydrogen energy and should be considered when considering investment decisions.…”

Section: Literature On Hydrogen Energy Investmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analysis of Strategic Directions in Sustainable Hydrogen Investment Decisions

Yüksel

et al. 2020

Sustainability

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This study seeks to find the appropriate strategies necessary to make sustainable and effective hydrogen energy investments. Within this scope, nine different criteria are defined regarding social, managerial, and financial factors. A hesitant, interval-valued, intuitionistic fuzzy (IVIF) decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) methodology is considered to calculate the degree of importance of the criteria. Additionally, impact relation maps are also generated to visualize the causality relationship between the factors. The findings indicate that the technical dimension has the greatest importance in comparison to managerial and financial factors. Furthermore, it is also concluded that storage and logistics, research and development, and technological infrastructure are the most significant factors to be considered when defining hydrogen energy investment strategies. Hence, before investing in hydrogen energy, necessary actions should be taken to minimize the storage and logistic costs. Among them, building the production site close to the usage area will contribute significantly to this purpose. In this way, possible losses during the transportation of hydrogen can be minimized. Moreover, it is essential to identify the lowest-cost hydrogen storage method by carrying out the necessary research and development activities, thereby increasing the sustainability and effectiveness of hydrogen energy investment projects.

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Section: Literature Review Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Literature On Hydrogen Energy Investmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Strategic Directions in Sustainable Hydrogen Investment Decisions

Yüksel

et al. 2020

Sustainability

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“…There are several paths for hydrogen production, e.g., fossil fuel reforming, coal and biomass gasification, water splitting, ethanol electro-oxidation, and numerous niche processes [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19]. Produced hydrogen can be stored and utilized in various ways, e.g., transportation and power generation sectors (fuel cells and internal combustion engines) [20][21][22], domestic applications (spatial heating and cooking) [23,24], ammonia and methanol production [25,26], and in the petrochemical industry [27] (Figure 1).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Catalytic Hydrogen Combustion for Domestic and Safety Applications: A Critical Review of Catalyst Materials and Technologies

2021

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Spatial heating and cooking account for a significant fraction of global domestic energy consumption. It is therefore likely that hydrogen combustion will form part of a hydrogen-based energy economy. Catalytic hydrogen combustion (CHC) is considered a promising technology for this purpose. CHC is an exothermic reaction, with water as the only by-product. Compared to direct flame-based hydrogen combustion, CHC is relatively safe as it foregoes COx, CH4, and under certain conditions NOx formation. More so, the risk of blow-off (flame extinguished due to the high fuel flow speed required for H2 combustion) is adverted. CHC is, however, perplexed by the occurrence of hotspots, which are defined as areas where the localized surface temperature is higher than the average surface temperature over the catalyst surface. Hotspots may result in hydrogen’s autoignition and accelerated catalyst degradation. In this review, catalyst materials along with the hydrogen technologies investigated for CHC applications were discussed. We showed that although significant research has been dedicated to CHC, relatively limited commercial applications have been identified up to date. We further showed the effect of catalyst support selection on the performance and durability of CHC catalysts, as well as a holistic summary of existing catalysts used for various CHC applications and catalytic burners. Lastly, the relevance of CHC applications for safety purposes was demonstrated.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Faced with ongoing electrical energy and power crisis in South Africa [1] and Africa in general, this paper extensively examines various research on thermoelectricity in order to determine, develop, and apply best practices for the devise of an efficient TE fuel cell hybrid power energy system for home and commercial combined cooling heating and power (CCHP) applications. As stated in [1], the research problems and fuel cells have been reasonably covered in detailed. Thermoelectricity, as per , is a thermal and or electrical process, in which a material based on its thermal and or electrical properties, can either generate heat or cold depending on the voltage polarity across the material or this same material is capable of generating electricity from heat, when there is a temperature difference (ΔT) on the material (technically known as a thermocouple) surfaces.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Structural Review of Thermoelectricity for Fuel Cell CCHP Applications

2020

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This article starts by introducing the ongoing South Africa electricity crisis followed by thermoelectricity, in which eighteen miscellaneous applicable case studies are structurally analysed in detail. The aim is to establish best practices for the R&D of an efficient thermoelectric (TE) and fuel cell (FC) CCHP system. The examined literature reviews covered studies that focused on the thermoelectricity principle, highlighting TE devices’ basic constructions, TEGs and TECs as well as investigations on the applications of thermoelectricity with FCs, whereby thermoelectricity was applied to recover waste heat from FCs to boost the power generation capability by ~7–10%. Furthermore, nonstationary TEGs whose generated power can be increased by pulsing the DC-DC power converter showed that an output power efficiency of 8.4% is achievable and that thicker TEGs with good area coverage can efficiently harvest waste heat energy in dynamic applications. TEG and TEC exhibit duality and the higher the TEG temperature difference, the more the generated power—which can be stabilised using the MPPT technique with a 1.1% tracking error. A comparison study of TEG and solar energy demonstrated that TEG generates more power compared to solar cells of the same size, though more expensively. TEG output power and efficiency in a thermal environment can be maximised simultaneously if its heat flux is stable but not the case if its temperature difference is stable. The review concluded with a TEC LT-PEM-FC hybrid CCHP system capable of generating 2.79 kW of electricity, 3.04 kW of heat, and 26.8 W of cooling with a total efficiency of ~77% and fuel saving of 43.25%. The presented research is the contribution brought forward, as it heuristically highlights miscellaneous thermoelectricity studies/parameters of interests in a single manuscript, which further established that practical applications of thermoelectricity are possible and can be innovatively applied together with FC for efficient CCHP applications.

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South African hydrogen infrastructure (HySA infrastructure) for fuel cells and energy storage: Overview of a projects portfolio

Cited by 51 publications

References 93 publications

Analysis of Strategic Directions in Sustainable Hydrogen Investment Decisions

Analysis of Strategic Directions in Sustainable Hydrogen Investment Decisions

Catalytic Hydrogen Combustion for Domestic and Safety Applications: A Critical Review of Catalyst Materials and Technologies

A Structural Review of Thermoelectricity for Fuel Cell CCHP Applications

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