Southern Europe in the Age of Revolutions

Abstract

What constitution did revolutionaries fight for? A few introductory remarks 18The making of a constitutional order and its conflicts: plan of the book 27 War, Army and Revolution 33 Conclusions 187 National Wars of Liberation and the End of the Revolutionary Experiences 190 Greece and the nationalisation of the anti-Ottoman conflict 205 Conclusions 215 Crossing the Mediterranean: Volunteers, Mercenaries, Refugees 218 Introduction: Palermo as a Mediterranean revolutionary hub 218 Sir Richard Church: bridging empire, counterrevolution and revolution 220 Emmanuele Scordili and the Greek diasporas 231 Andrea Mangiaruva: volunteer for freedom and economic migrant? 241 Conclusions 251 Experiencing the Constitution: Citizenship, Communities and Territories 255 Electing Parliamentary Assemblies 301 Petitioning in the Name of the Constitution 323 Conclusions: political participation and local autonomies after the 1820s 339

War in World Society: Towards a new order of global constitutionalism?

“…The constitution was valid for only 2 years, but it was highly influential, probably the most influential constitutional text of the entire age, translated even into indigenous languages. Because of its exclusively catholic and primarily monarchic orientation, it fitted nicely with revolutionary and counter-revolutionary endeavours of constitutionalisation in the entire catholic world (Isabella, 2023). The Constitution of Cadiz was printed in London.…”

“…Above all, the French Revolution (1789–1814), in its Napoleonic period (1799–1814), made revolution and constitution – and, as Marx aptly adds, the state of siege – travel around the world. Constitutional and revolutionary fever took the route via Spain and its resistance to French imperialism, first to the entire European South, especially to Portugal, Greece, Italy and Sicilia, and then to South America and the Pacific region (Isabella, 2023). The trigger was the first transnational, formally highly inclusive Constitution of Cadiz from 1812, which guaranteed equal rights to all inhabitants of the declining but still vast Spanish Empire, and the binding of the Empire to the ‘Catholic Apostolic Roman Religion’ (Art.…”