Soybean Cultivation Technology Innovation and Environmentally Friendly Pest Control in Paddy Fields in South Sulawesi, Indonesia

Abstract

South Sulawesi is one of the centers for soybean development in Indonesia and farmers generally plant it on paddy fields. Soybean cultivation technology innovation in paddy fields in general, farmers use a cropping system without tillage, rice fields after planting rice are directly sprayed with herbicides 3 times and then planted with soybeans. The varieties that are favored and widely planted by farmers in South Sulawesi have large seeds (weighing 100 seeds around 15.0–19.5 g) such as Detap-1, Devon-2, Derap-1, Dega-1, and Dena-2. The spacing used by farmers is 20 × 40 cm with double rows and single-row models. Types of pests that mostly damage soybean plants in South Sulawesi include Spodoptera litura, pod borer Etiella zinckenella, whitefly Bemisia tabaci, aphid Aphis glycines, leaf-rolling caterpillar Lamprosema indicata Fabricius, caterpillar Helicoverpa Heliothis armigera, pod ladybug Riptortus linearis F. green Nezara viridula L., soybean beetle Phaedonia inclusa and grasshopper Locust migratoria. To control these pests, farmers combine the use of vegetable insecticides and chemical insecticides.