Agricultural activities cannot be separated from indigenous knowledge (IK), which has developed and continues to be strongly maintained by Bugis–Makassar farmers in the face of rapidly developing science and technology. The objective of this study was to explore the IK practices in rice cultivation of the Bugis–Makassar farmer community, as well as the process of integrating IK and scientific knowledge into decision making. The study used a number of qualitative methodologies to gather information, including meetings, focus group discussions, in-depth interviews, and semi-structured interviews. Our results show that IK is slowly disappearing and being replaced by middle-aged people and youth, who seem to care more about modernization than assimilation. However, with the existence of Tudang Sipulung, the fading of local wisdom may be inhibited. Tudang Sipulung’s strength lies in the government’s involvement in integrating IK and scientific knowledge into formal forums and agreement. The Tudang Sipulung agreement is formally binding with constitutional sanctions applied. In order to provide optimum benefits, engaging young farmers in the understanding and preservation of indigenous and scientific knowledge is recommended to preserve local culture and transfer modern technology.

Pendidikan karakter adalah menanamkan karakter tertrtu sekaligus ,memberikan benih agar peserta didik mampu menumbuhkan karakter khasnya pada saat menjalani kehidupan di masyarakat. Dengan menjalani sejumlah gagasan atau model karakter tidak akan membuat peserta menjadi kratif, namun membutuhkan sebuah konsep yang matang mampu menumbuhkan karekter siswa. Salah satu konsep pendidikan karakter yang telah lama dibuat oleh Rasulullah lewat Hadits-haditsnya. Konsep pendidikan karakter yang digambarkan dalam hadist Rasulullah sangat penting untuk di kembangkan dan dipelajari. Adapun kualitas hadis tentang konsep pendidikan karakter adalah dari sanad maka hadis bersatus sahih li zatihi, demikian juga dari sahih segi matan. Sementara konsep pendidikan karakter dalam hadits ada dua. Pertama, pembentukan karakter yang didasari keteladanan akan menuai kebaikan bagi dirinya sendiri dan orang lain. Oleh karenanya pengaruh keluarga sebagai tempat pendidikan  pertama  bagi  sang  anak harus berupa orang-orang yang baik pula. Kedua,dalam  pandangan Islam, manusia lahir  di   dunia  ini  membawa fitrah,potensi, kemampuan dasar, atau pembawaan (hereditas).  Kata Kunci: Pendidikan Karakter, Perspektif Hadits ABSTRACTCharacter education is to instill certain character at once, giving the seeds so that learners are able to cultivate its distinctive character at the time into the life of the community. By taking some ideas or models will not make the character become creative participants, but requires a mature concept was able to grow the character of students. One concept of character education that have long been made by the Prophet through the Hadith-hadith. The concept of character education that is described in the hadith the Prophet is very important to be developed and studied. As for the quality of the hadith about the concept of character education is of sanad become Shahih li zatihi, as well as valid in terms of honor. While the concept of character education in the hadith there are two. First, the establishment of which is based on the exemplary character will reap goodness for himself and others. Therefore, the influence of family as the first school for the children should be good ones anyway. Secondly, in the view of Islam, man is born in this world bring the nature, potential, basic abilities, or nature (heredity).  Keyword: Character Education, Hadith Perspektif

The implementation of Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) has been debated by many researchers in the field of language teaching methodology. Much is done in this regard and literature confirms that the implementation of CLT in teaching English as a foreign language is challenging. Even though there are studies investigating the issue in Iraqi schools, little has been done in exploring the classroom practices of Communicative Language Teaching by the teachers. Thus, this study hopes to investigate how Iraqi English language teachers implement CLT in their classrooms. A qualitative method is used to collect data through classroom observation of 3 in-service English language teachers. The research question that is addressed is (to what extent the classroom practices of Iraqi English language teachers comply with the principles of Communicative Language Teaching?). The data collected from the observations are analyzed based on a checklist to compare them to the basic principles of communicative approach. The results of the study show that Iraqi English language teachers do not fully implement communicative approach in their classroom practices and their teachings mostly focus on grammar and vocabulary rather than meaningful communication. The results from this study will contribute to the field of knowledge about Communicative Language Teaching, particularly in Iraqi public schools. The outcome of this study will support teachers to overcome the current challenges in language teaching and provide better recommendation for them to improve their teaching and implementation of CLT approach

<p><em>A narrow understanding by some Muslims about jihad will bring a radical group that led to the appearance of movements that harm Muslims. To find out how the jihad in the Qur'an and how to phase in the use of the word jihad, it would require a comprehensive understanding by identifying the verses of the Qur'an and understanding of the historical decline in these verses. This article examines the identification of passages which there is a derivation the word jihad and then sorted according to time of down (Makkiyyah and Madaniyyah). The article concludes that the word jihad and derivation in the Qur'an is mentioned 41 times and separated at 19 surah. Not all of the word jihad and it derivation means war, but historically it is known that jihad also has other meanings and reduced in accordance with the conditions of the situation at that time.</em></p><p><em> </em></p><p><strong><em>Keywords</em></strong><em>: jihad, al-Qur'an, historical</em></p>