Soybeans and Other Oilseeds

Abstract

The four principal U.S. oilseed crops are soybeans, cottonseed, peanuts, and sunflower seed. The physical characteristics of the plants and seeds, chemical compositions of the seeds, harvesting and storage of the crops, and processing of the crops into oil and defatted meal are described for the primary products of the industry. Production figures and prices of the oilseeds and their products are presented. The oils of these crops are used primarily for human consumption. Minor quantities go into industrial products. The defatted meals serve mainly as protein sources in animal feeds, but small amounts are processed into protein ingredients used by the food industry. Nutritional properties and antinutritional factors of the oils and meals are reviewed. Direct food uses of soybeans, peanuts, and sunflower seed are also covered.

Adhesion Properties of Plywood Glue Containing Soybean Meal as an Extender

“…Soybean meal, as received, contained very little oil (0.9% db) and 52.8% (db) crude protein. The amount of oil we determined was close to the typical 0.6% (db) in commercial soybean meal and the protein content was, likewise, within the 49-54% (db) reported for the meal [19]. In our previous research [12,13], we demonstrated that soy protein products containing no more than 1.0% crude oil could be used in a plywood glue mix without adverse effects on mixing or bonding properties.…”

Increase of protein extraction yield from rapeseed meal through a pretreatment with phytase

“…On the other hand, for the trial with the highest extraction yield – 72.1% (Table ) – the protein content in the freeze‐dried precipitate was 629.2 g kg −1 . Moreover, considering that the denomination of protein concentrates and protein isolates are assigned when their protein content reaches 650 or 900 g kg −1 , respectively, the precipitates obtained in this work can be classified as rapeseed protein concentrates.…”

Bio-Refinery of Oilseeds: Oil Extraction, Secondary Metabolites Separation towards Protein Meal Valorisation—A Review

“…Glycine max (L.) Merr., better known as soybean, is an ancient crop, domesticated in northeast China in the 1125-256 BCE era (the Zhou Dynasty). It is thought that soybean crops reached the European countries around the years 1730-1820 CE (The Netherlands (1737), France (1740), England (1790), Croatia (1804) and Serbia (1817)), and the United States and North America around 1765 [18][19][20]. Yield and pathogen resistance, among other quality traits (composition, adaptability), are some of the primordial qualities improved by breeding of soybean [19].…”

“…On the other hand, the oil contains high amounts of beneficial polyunsaturated fatty acids, viz., linoleic and linolenic acids [25], known to lower the risk and mortality of coronary heart diseases as well as cancer risk [27]. Soybean meal makes up to 79% [20] of the seed's total mass. It is generally used as livestock high-protein feed, or as protein isolates and concentrates as a food [18].…”

“…Sunflower, or Helianthus annuus, is an ancient oilseed crop, indigenous to North America [41], specifically the southwestern United States [20], thought to be first cultivated by the American Indians in 4625 BCE [42]. In the sixteenth century, sunflower was exported to Spain and Europe during a Spanish expedition, and then introduced to Russia [20,[41][42][43].…”