“…In general, countries with more sport‐minded cultures (Hoffmann, Ging, and Ramasamy, , ) and sport‐specific histories (Macmillan and Smith, ) seem to be more successful in international sports. A number of scholars found that past success exerts a positive impact (Bernard and Busse, ; Maennig and Wellbrock, ), which indicates that success in international sport is to some extent persistent (Emrich and Pierdzioch, ). Although many scholars ignore the role of doping as a source of sporting success, Pierdzioch, Emrich, and Klein () as well as Noland and Stahler (, ) have provided evidence that doping accounted substantially for East German successes.…”