sp2–sp3 Hybrid Porous Carbon Materials Applied for Supercapacitors

Chae, Ji Su; Kang, W. P.; Roh, Kwang Chul

doi:10.3390/en14195990

Cited by 10 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 34 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The development of different defect-like states induced by an sp 3 -rich Q-carbon region in the sp 2 -rich unconverted α-carbon matrix after the PLA process operates as trapping centers for an excess charge and enhanced charge storage capabilities . Furthermore, the obstruction of charging–discharging current flow through sp 2 phases is negligible in a microdot-like structure . The areal specific capacitance was calculated from both CV and GCD curves by eqs and and their corresponding current density and scan rate vs areal specific capacitance plots are shown in Figure g,h, respectively.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Highly Stable Electrochemical Supercapacitor Performance of Self-Assembled Ferromagnetic Q-Carbon

Karmakar

Taqy

Droopad

et al. 2023

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Novel phase Q-carbon thin films exhibit some intriguing features and have been explored for various potential applications. Herein, we report the growth of different Q-carbon structures (i.e., filaments, clusters, and microdots) by varying the laser energy density from 0.5 to 1.0 J/cm 2 during pulsed laser annealing of amorphous diamond-like carbon films with different sp 3 −sp 2 carbon compositions. These unique nano-and microstructures of Q-carbon demonstrate exceptionally stable electrochemical performance by cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charging−discharging, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy for energy applications. The temperature-dependent magnetic studies (magnetization vs magnetic field and temperature) reveal the ferromagnetic nature of the Qcarbon microdots. The saturation magnetization and coercive field values decrease from 132 to 14 emu/cc and 155 to 92 Oe by increasing the temperature from 2 to 300 K, respectively. The electrochemical performances of Q-carbon filament, cluster, and microdot thin-film supercapacitors were investigated by twoelectrode configurations, and the highest areal specific capacitance of ∼156 mF/cm 2 was observed at a current density of 0.15 mA/ cm 2 in the Q-carbon microdot thin film. The Q-carbon microdot electrodes demonstrate an exceptional capacitance retention performance of ∼97.2% and Coulombic efficiency of ∼96.5% after 3000 cycles due to their expectational reversibility in the charging−discharging process. The kinetic feature of the ion diffusion associated with the charge storage property is also investigated, and small changes in equivalent series resistance of ∼9.5% and contact resistance of ∼9.1% confirm outstanding stability with active charge kinetics during the stability test. A high areal power density of ∼5.84 W/cm 2 was obtained at an areal energy density of ∼0.058 W h/cm 2 for the Q-carbon microdot structure. The theoretical quantum capacitance was obtained at ∼400 mF/ cm 2 by density functional theory calculation, which gives an idea about the overall capacitance value. The obtained areal specific capacitance, power density, and impressive long-term cyclic stability of Q-carbon thin-film microdot electrodes endorse substantial promise in high-performance supercapacitor applications.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Highly Stable Electrochemical Supercapacitor Performance of Self-Assembled Ferromagnetic Q-Carbon

Karmakar

Taqy

Droopad

et al. 2023

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The following supporting information can be downloaded at: https://www.mdpi.com/article/10.3390/batteries9120566/s1. References [64,65] are cited in the supplementary materials. Data Availability Statement: Data available upon reasonable request to corresponding authors.…”

Section: Supplementary Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Freestanding Carbon Nanofibers Derived from Biopolymer (Kraft Lignin) as Ultra-Microporous Electrodes for Supercapacitors

Dias,

Silva,

Pourdeyhimi

et al. 2023

Batteries

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Lignin-derived carbon nanofibers (LCNFs) formed via the solution blowing of a biopolymer are developed here as a promising replacement for polyacrylonitrile (PAN)-derived carbon nanofibers (PCNFs) formed via electrospinning for such applications as supercapacitor (SC) electrodes. Accordingly, it is demonstrated here that a biopolymer (kraft lignin, which is, essentially, a waste material) can substitute a petroleum-derived polymer (PAN). Moreover, this can be achieved using a much faster and safer fiber-forming method. The present work employs the solution blowing of lignin-derived nonwovens and their carbonization to form electrode materials. These materials are characterized and explored as the electrodes in supercapacitor prototypes. Given the porosity importance of carbon fibers in SC applications, N2 gas adsorption tests were performed for characterization. LCNFs revealed the specific surface area (SSA) and capacitance values as high as 1726 m2/g and 11.95 F/g, which are about one-half of those for PCNFs, 3624 m2/g and 25.5 F/g, respectively. The capacitance values of LCNFs are comparable with those reported in the literature, but the SSA observed here is much higher. Moreover, no further post-carbonization activation steps were performed here in comparison with those materials reported in the literature. It was also found here that fiber pre-oxidation in air prior to carbonization and the addition of zinc chloride affect the SSA and capacitance values of both LCNFs and PCNFs. The electrochemical tests of the SCs prototypes were used to evaluate their capacitance at different charging rates, voltage windows, and the number of cycles. The capacitance of PCNFs decreased by about 47% during fast charging, while the capacitance of LCNFs improved during fast charging, bringing them to the level of only 21% below that of PCNFs. These changes were correlated with the packing density of the electrodes. It should be emphasized that LCNFs revealed a much higher mass yield, which was 4–5 times higher than that of PCNFs. LCNFs also possess a higher packing density, a lower price, and cause a significantly lower environmental impact than PCNFs. The best cell supercapacitor delivered a maximum specific energy of 1.77 Wh/kg and a maximum specific power of 156 kW/kg, surpassing conventional electrochemical supercapacitors. Remarkably, it retained 95.2% of its initial capacitance after 10,000 GCD cycles at a current density of 0.25 A/g, indicating robust stability. Accordingly, kraft lignin, a bio-waste material, holds great promise as a raw material for supercapacitor electrodes.

show abstract

“…This enhances the efficient use of the electrode surface applied in commercial capacitor devices. The use of materials for the optimization of high-performance supercapacitors aims to improve the surface area and electrical conductivity while forming an electrical double layer [4]. Efforts are being made to develop new materials and to improve the material surface for supercapacitor electrodes, which should feature a large capacitance, cyclic stability, and low cost [5][6][7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrogen-Doped and Carbon-Coated Activated Carbon as a Conductivity Additive-Free Electrode for Supercapacitors

et al. 2021

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The development of supercapacitors with high volumetric capacitance and high-rate performance has been an important research topic. Activated carbon (AC), which is a widely used material for supercapacitor electrodes, has different surface structures, porosities, and electrochemical properties. However, the low conductivity of the electrode material is a major problem for the efficient use of AC in supercapacitors. To tackle this challenge, we prepared conductive, additive-free electrodes for supercapacitors by a simple one-pot treatment of AC with melamine (nitrogen source), pitch, and sucrose (both carbon source). Nitrogen-doped and carbon-coated AC was successfully generated after high-temperature heat treatment. The AC was doped with approximately 0.5 at.% nitrogen, and coated with carbon leading to a decreased oxygen content. Thin carbon layers (~10 nm) were coated onto the outer surface of the AC, as shown in TEM images. The modification of the AC surface with a sucrose source is favorable, as it increases the electrical conductivity of AC up to 3.0 S cm−1, which is 4.3 times higher than in unmodified AC. The electrochemical performance of the modified AC was evaluated by conducting agent-free electrode. Although the obtained samples had slightly reduced surface areas after the surface modification, they maintained a high specific surface area of 1700 m2 g−1. The supercapacitor delivered a specific capacitance of 70.4 F cc−1 at 1 mA cm−1 and achieved 89.8% capacitance retention even at a high current density of 50 mA cm−2. Furthermore, the supercapacitor delivered a high energy density of 24.5 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 4650 W kg−1. This approach can be extended for a new strategy for conductivity additive-free electrodes in, e.g., supercapacitors, batteries, and fuel cells.

show abstract

sp2–sp3 Hybrid Porous Carbon Materials Applied for Supercapacitors

Cited by 10 publications

References 34 publications

Highly Stable Electrochemical Supercapacitor Performance of Self-Assembled Ferromagnetic Q-Carbon

Highly Stable Electrochemical Supercapacitor Performance of Self-Assembled Ferromagnetic Q-Carbon

Freestanding Carbon Nanofibers Derived from Biopolymer (Kraft Lignin) as Ultra-Microporous Electrodes for Supercapacitors

Nitrogen-Doped and Carbon-Coated Activated Carbon as a Conductivity Additive-Free Electrode for Supercapacitors

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About