Space Debris and Other Threats from Outer Space

Pelton, Joseph N.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-6714-4

Cited by 37 publications

(22 citation statements)

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“…Formally, the Inter-Agency Space Debris Coordination Committee (IADC) defines space debris as ''all man-made objects including fragments and elements thereof, in Earth orbits or reentering the atmosphere, that are non-functional'' [12]. This definition includes explosive bolts, exploded fuel tanks, paint chips, upper stage rockets, rocket fairings, defunct satellites, and debris generated from disintegrated and destroyed satellites [13]. The first important matter to discuss regards the sources of this unwanted population.…”

Section: Sources Of Space Debrismentioning

confidence: 99%

Orbital Debris Threat for Space Sustainability and Way Forward (Review Article)

Murtaza

Pirzada

et al. 2020

IEEE Access

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Over the past 60 years, satellite technology has demonstrated its usefulness successfully. However, this usefulness is at stake from a future point of view, due to the well-admitted orbital/space debris threat. This article thoroughly reviews all aspects of space debris issue including causes, amount and sizes of orbital debris, potential threats, counter-strategies with their latest status and related legal issues to highlight the criticality and urgency of the problem. This review elaborates the fact that despite all the worries and threats, the efforts to confront this challenge are considerably insufficient until today. This bitter reality demands for at-least curtailing the number of future launches to ensure the long-term sustainability of space, until the improvement in debris situation. However, contradictory to this necessity, large satellite constellations have been proposed that can drastically increase the existing orbital population in coming years. This approach will certainly not help in improving the space environment in the future; instead, it can worsen the space environment situation as recent studies shows. Also, space resources (i.e. orbital slots and frequencies) are limited to accommodate many more satellite projects from commercial and government organization in the future. So, there is a serious question of how the space industry can move forward to maintain a balance in controlling the future number of the satellite while accommodating many commercial or government space entities. This article also identifies two optimized approaches as a way forward for future satellite projects that can also enhance the effectiveness of space technology in the future.

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Section: Sources Of Space Debrismentioning

confidence: 99%

Orbital Debris Threat for Space Sustainability and Way Forward (Review Article)

Murtaza

Pirzada

et al. 2020

IEEE Access

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“…Today, tens of thousands of pieces of debris are detected, tracked and catalogued by the US military's Space Surveillance Network, which identifies potential collisions and shares this information freely (NASA Orbital Debris Program Office, 2018). Sometimes, advance warning of a collision can provide time for an endangered satellite to be moved to a safer orbit using on-board thrusters (Pelton, 2013). The International Space Station has engaged in evasive action on at least 20 separate occasions since 1998 (NASA Orbital Debris Program Office, 2016).…”

Section: Byersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cold, dark, and dangerous: international cooperation in the arctic and space

Byers

2019

Polar Record

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This article compares Russian–Western cooperation in the Arctic and Space, with a focus on why cooperation continued after the 2014 annexation of Crimea. On the basis of this comparative approach, continued cooperation is linked to the following factors: (1) the Arctic and Space are remote and extreme environments; (2) they are militarised but not substantially weaponised; (3) they both suffer from ‘tragedies of the commons’; (4) Arctic and Space-faring states engage in risk management through international law-making; (5) Arctic and Space relations rely on consensus decision-making; (6) Arctic and Space relations rely on soft law; (7) Arctic states and Space-faring states interact within a situation of ‘complex interdependence’; (8) Russia and the United States are resisting greater Chinese involvement in these regions. The article concludes with the following contribution to international relations theory: The more that states need to cooperate in a particular region or issue-area, and the more they become accustomed to doing so, the more resilient that cooperation will become to tensions and breakdowns in other regions and issue-areas. This phenomenon can be termed ‘complex and resilient interdependence’, to signify that complex independence is more than a description. It can, sometimes, affect the course of state-to-state relations.

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“…1,2,15) There have been some studies about oblique impacts. [10][11][12][13][14][16][17][18] Ryan et al 16) derived a ballistic limit equation for the metallic opencell foam configuration in oblique impacts.…”

Section: Problem Statement and Research Objectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1,2) The debris includes nonfunctional spacecraft, abandoned launch vehicle stages, discarded equipment, and fragments from satellite breakups. The space debris problem is a threat to the future promotion of space development.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Energy Investigation into Damage Evaluation of Pressure Wall at Oblique Impacts

Makihara

Oki

Hasegawa

2016

AEROSPACE TECHNOLOGY JAPAN

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To analyze the shielding performance of Whipple bumpers, it is essential to clarify the characteristics of a debris cloud that is created owing to a hypervelocity impact. However, lesser attention has been paid on studies on the debris clouds produced by oblique impacts compared to those produced by normal impacts. We thus evaluate the damage of the pressure walls after oblique impacts. Two energy indices are proposed that can determine the destructive capability to the pressure wall. The proposed energy indices are related to the kinematic energy of the debris clouds. These energy indices are demonstrated to show the destructive capability and to uniformly evaluate the damage of the pressure wall. The spatial distributions of the kinetic energy are calculated by the smoothed particle hydrodynamics simulation. In addition to the simulation, impact experiments are conducted with two pieces of apparatus: a two-stage light gas sun and a single-stage powder gun. We discussed the correlation between the characteristics of the debris clouds at the oblique impacts and the damage of the pressure walls.

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Space Debris and Other Threats from Outer Space

Cited by 37 publications

References 0 publications

Orbital Debris Threat for Space Sustainability and Way Forward (Review Article)

Orbital Debris Threat for Space Sustainability and Way Forward (Review Article)

Cold, dark, and dangerous: international cooperation in the arctic and space

Energy Investigation into Damage Evaluation of Pressure Wall at Oblique Impacts

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