Space Diversity Gain in Urban Area Low Elevation Links for Surveillance Applications

Šimůnek, Michal; Fontán, F.P.; Pechač, Pavel; Otero, Francisco J. D.

doi:10.1109/tap.2013.2280874

Cited by 26 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…For UAV communications, there are very few measurement campaigns on the effect of multiple antenna systems. In [43] and [44], the AG channel characterization was initiated with a 1 × 4 antenna configuration. In this work, carrier-to-noise ratio (CNR) gain was compared for the common combining strategies such as selection, equal-gain and maximal ratio combining (MRC).…”

Section: Diversity Gainmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Survey of Channel Modeling for UAV Communications

Khuwaja

Chen

Zhao

et al. 2018

IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutorials

715

346

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Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have gained great interest for rapid deployment in both civil and military applications. UAV communication has its own distinctive channel characteristics compared with widely used cellular and satellite systems. Thus, accurate channel characterization is crucial for the performance optimization and design of efficient UAV communication systems. However, several challenges exist in UAV channel modeling. For example, propagation characteristics of UAV channels are still less explored for spatial and temporal variations in non-stationary channels. Also, airframe shadowing has not yet been investigated for small size rotary UAVs. This paper provides an extensive survey on the measurement campaigns launched for UAV channel modeling using low altitude platforms and discusses various channel characterization efforts. We also review the contemporary perspective of UAV channel modeling approaches and outline some future research challenges in this domain.

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Section: Diversity Gainmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Survey of Channel Modeling for UAV Communications

Khuwaja

Chen

Zhao

et al. 2018

IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutorials

715

346

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…A 2 × 2 MIMO narrowband channel model for very low elevation UAV links in open areas has been developed. The model is an improvement upon a previous model for heavily built‐up areas [ Šimůnek et al , ]. We introduce a deterministic element to account for the interference between direct and reflected rays.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Having analyzed these two extreme cases (heavy shadowed and open), we will proceed to analyze a complete data set involving a wide range of intermediate shadowed scenarios using the foundation developed here and in Šimůnek et al []. The final objective is to cover all intermediate scenarios with the same approach.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The scenario was free of obstacles. This model was derived from a previously developed model for heavily built‐up areas [ Šimůnek et al , ], where the full mathematical description is included. The model is extended to the 2 × 2 MIMO channel case in the sections below.…”

Section: Siso Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This paper extends previous modeling work for built‐up areas [ Šimůnek et al , ] (see Figure a), where the direct ray is heavily blocked. In open areas, the direct ray is not blocked (see Figure b); hence, a deterministic (geometry‐dependent) component can be observed in the experimental data.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Open area 2 × 2 MIMO channel model for 2 GHz low-elevation links with diversity and capacity applications

et al. 2017

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In civil surveillance applications, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) are being increasingly used in floods, fires, and law enforcement scenarios. In order to transfer large amounts of information from UAV‐mounted cameras, relays, or sensors, large bandwidths are needed in comparison to those required for remotely commanding the UAV. This demands the use of higher‐frequency bands, in all probability in the vicinity of 2 or 5 GHz. Novel hardware developments need propagation channel models for the ample range of operational scenarios envisaged, including multiple‐input, multiple‐output (MIMO) deployments. These configurations may enable a more robust transmission by increasing either the carrier‐to‐noise ratio statistics or the achievable capacity. In this paper, a 2 × 2 MIMO propagation channel model for an open‐field environment capable of synthesizing a narrowband time series at 2 GHz is described. Maximal ratio combining diversity and capacity improvements are also evaluated through synthetic series and compared with measurement results. A simple flat, open scenario was evaluated based on which other, more complex environments can be modeled.

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Statistical characterization of an urban dual‐polarized MIMO LMS channel

Nikolaidis

Moraitis

Kanatas

2018

Satell Commun Network

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This paper presents a thorough statistical characterization of a dual-polarized multiple-input-multiple-output channel, based on a measurement campaign of 2 land mobile satellite link scenarios in urban environments. The received signal is decomposed into its large-scale and small-scale fading parts, which are separately evaluated and characterized. The large-scale fading can be well approximated by the Lognormal distribution, whereas the small-scale fading in line-of-sight condition can be characterized as a Rician channel with a strong direct component and high Kfactors. On the other hand, in nonline-of-sight cases, the fading can be approximated by Nakagami or Rician distribution with low K-factors. The cross-polar discrimination is found between 14.2 and 22.5 dB, whereas the cross-polar isolation is found between 12.8 and 21 dB, respectively. Finally, assessing the diversity performance, applying the maximal ratio combining technique, it is found that the left-hand circular polarized transmission outperforms the right-hand circular polarized transmission, providing gains up to 2.5 dB, especially in nonline-of-sight cases. The low-diversity gains indicate that beamforming would be preferable to be applied in the specific channel.KEYWORDS channel characterization, channel modeling, dual-polarized, multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) satellite measurements | INTRODUCTIONIn the years to come, new narrowband satellite communication technologies will allow for direct connection of millions of Internet of Things (IoT) devices in a resource efficient way. The ultimate success of global IoT coverage will depend on the active support of satellite networks providing L-band and S-band services. Satellite technology serves as a key enabler to transform IoT connectivity across industries and geographical borders and has the potential to play a key role in cases where sensors and actuators are distributed over a very wide area as well as in remote areas not served by terrestrial access networks. Indeed, the use of the satellite is found to be of great importance in some applications of IoT, like smart grid, environmental monitoring, and emergency management, because satellite communications have unique merits such as large-scale coverage, superb ability to support emerging communications services, and cost effectiveness for broadcast/multicast connectivity. 1-3 Bringing wide-area connectivity for the IoT by using satellite technology is therefore an attractive solution to complement terrestrial networks, allowing densification and coverage extension in remote areas. 4The proliferation of multiantenna technology and its adoption in terrestrial communication systems provided unprecedented capacity improvement and enhanced spectral efficiency. The applicability of multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) techniques is also an appealing solution in satellite communication systems with a very promising outlook. 5,6 Specifically, land mobile satellite (LMS) systems can take advantage of MIMO techniques and achieve substantially in...

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Space Diversity Gain in Urban Area Low Elevation Links for Surveillance Applications

Cited by 26 publications

References 9 publications

A Survey of Channel Modeling for UAV Communications

A Survey of Channel Modeling for UAV Communications

Open area 2 × 2 MIMO channel model for 2 GHz low-elevation links with diversity and capacity applications

Statistical characterization of an urban dual‐polarized MIMO LMS channel

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