Space-division multiplexing in optical fibres

Richardson, David J.; Fini, John M.; Nelson, L.E.

doi:10.1038/nphoton.2013.94

Cited by 2,892 publications

(1,179 citation statements)

References 111 publications

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“…Similar use may be found in some other types of wavelength multiplexers and spectrometers. High-density waveguide superlattices can also potentially enable ultra-dense space-division multiplexing (SDM) 22,39 at the chip scale for optical interconnects in future high-performance computer chips, which may comprise 4100 cores per chip 24 . Using large waveguide arrays with 416,000 channels for such applications was discussed (although not using the term SDM explicitly) and the large area occupied by waveguide arrays due to relatively large pitches (B3 mm) was a major concern 24 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Waveguide arrays are among the cornerstones of such systems. For example, waveguide arrays are widely used in emerging applications such as optical-phased arrays [18][19][20][21] , space-division multiplexing 22 and chip-scale optical interconnects 23,24 , and conventional applications such as wavelength-division multiplexers 25,26 . On the other hand, a waveguide array or a waveguide lattice can also be viewed 27 as fully analogous to a periodic chain of atoms, which lends itself to a broad spectrum of fascinating scientific possibilities ranging from Anderson localization of light 28,29 to parity-time symmetric effects 30 .…”

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High-density waveguide superlattices with low crosstalk

et al. 2015

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Silicon photonics holds great promise for low-cost large-scale photonic integration. In its future development, integration density will play an ever-increasing role in a way similar to that witnessed in integrated circuits. Waveguides are perhaps the most ubiquitous component in silicon photonics. As such, the density of waveguide elements is expected to have a crucial influence on the integration density of a silicon photonic chip. A solution to highdensity waveguide integration with minimal impact on other performance metrics such as crosstalk remains a vital issue in many applications. Here, we propose a waveguide superlattice and demonstrate advanced superlattice design concepts such as interlacing-recombination that enable high-density waveguide integration at a half-wavelength pitch with low crosstalk. Such waveguide superlattices can potentially lead to significant reduction in on-chip estate for waveguide elements and salient enhancement of performance for important applications, opening up possibilities for half-wavelength-pitch optical-phased arrays and ultra-dense space-division multiplexing.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

High-density waveguide superlattices with low crosstalk

et al. 2015

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Spatial beam self-cleaning in multimode fibres

et al. 2017

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Multimode optical fibres are enjoying a renewed attention, boosted by the urgent need to overcome the current capacity crunch of single-mode fibre systems and by recent advances in multimode complex nonlinear optics [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]. In this work, we demonstrate that standard multimode fibres can be used as ultrafast all-optical tool for transverse beam manipulation of high power laser pulses. Our experimental data show that the Kerr effect in a graded-index multimode fibre is the driving mechanism for overcoming speckle distortions, leading to a somewhat counter-intuitive effect resulting in a spatially clean output beam robust against fibre bending. Our observations demonstrate that nonlinear beam reshaping into the fundamental mode of a multimode fibre can be achieved even in the absence of a dissipative process such as stimulated scattering (Raman or Brillouin) [14,15].Beam propagation in multimode fibres (MMFs) is subject to a complex interplay of spatio-temporal processes. However, only few studies addressed nonlinear pulse propagation in MMFs, leaving this field largely untapped for the past thirty years. Very recently, there has been a resurgence of interest in MMFs for both fundamental and applied research. MMFs could provide a solution to meet increasing demands of new breakthrough technologies for light control and manipulation in communications, high-power fibre lasers and metrology [1,2,16]. In fundamental physics, MMFs may provide a natural tool for investigating spatiotemporal soliton dynamics [5,6], and for unveiling new, exciting nonlinear phenomena [3,4,9,13].It is well known that light experiences an inherent randomization when propagating along MMFs, whereby input laser beams of high spatial quality fade into irregular granularities called speckles. Fibre stress or bending, as well as technological irregularities of the fibre, couple different guided modes and introduce supplementary randomization of the transmission features. For this reason, MMFs are not ideally suited for beam delivery and were replaced by single-mode fibres (SMFs) since the early days of optical communications. Recent works demonstrated that specific signal-processing algorithms could be used to predict or manage the beam shape at the output of a MMF by controlling its input field [17][18][19]. In particular, the application of multiple-input, multiple-output (MIMO) digital signal processing techniques enables the use of spatial-division multiplexing based on MMFs [2]. For high-power beam delivery applications, the spontaneous recovery of spatial beam quality in MMFs has so far been experimentally achieved exclusively through nonlinear dissipative processes such as stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) [14] or stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) [20]. However, these techniques do not lead to any self-cleaning of the input laser beam. It is now known that for powers above a critical level (few MWs) self-phase modulation (SPM) may overcome diffraction for any size of the beam, and this may in turn c...

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“…Space-division-multiplexing (SDM) technologies have been widely proposed as a cost-effective solution to increase the transmission capacity in a single fiber by utilizing multiple cores or spatial-modes [1,2]. Single-mode multi-core fibers (MCFs) offer a migration path into SDM technology in the short term.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%