“…Using a linear cascade, Sell established that blowing through holes in the TEs of compressor blades could both "fi ll" the wake and lower the turbulence levels within it, producing a momentumless wake for a blowing rate equivalent to 1% of the total mass fl ux through the blade row. Borgoltz et al (2005Borgoltz et al ( , 2006 showed that blowing also has dramatic effects on the eddy structure of the wake downstream of compressor blades. Blowing rates equivalent to about 2% of the total mass fl ow through the fan not only fl attened the fan blade wake profi les and reduced turbulence levels within them, but also greatly reduced unsteady pressures on the downstream stators away from the hub.…”