Space water electrolysis: space station through advanced missions

Davenport, Ronald J.; Schubert, F. H.; Grigger, David J.

doi:10.1016/0378-7753(91)87004-u

Cited by 33 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Product yield is not significant for final product production costs. However, energy efficiency becomes important when enzymatic electrolysis or electrosynthesis are anticipated, since generally about 70-80% of the costs in electrochemical processing account for electricity [311,312].…”

Section: Criteria and Cost Elements For Industrial Processing With E-besmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enzymatic Electrosynthesis: An Overview on the Progress in Enzyme- Electrodes for the Production of Electricity, Fuels and Chemicals

Satyawali¹

2013

J Microbial Biochem Technol

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Recent interest in the field of biocommodities production through bioelectrochemical systems has generated interest in the enzyme catalyzed redox reactions. Enzyme catalyzed electrodes are well established as sensors and power generators. However, a paradigm shift in recent science towards the production of useful chemicals has changed the face of biofuel cells, keeping the fuels or chemicals production in the upfront. This review article comprehensively presents the progress in the field of enzyme-electrodes for the production of electricity, fuels and chemicals with an aim to represent a practical outline for understanding the use of single or multiple redox enzymes as electrocatalysts for their electron transfer onto electrodes. It also provides the state-of-the-art information regarding the different existing processes to fabricate enzyme electrodes. Successfully-achieved electroenzymatic anodic and cathodic reactions are further discussed, together with their potential applications. Particular focus was made on the novel single/multiple enzyme systems towards product synthesis and other applications. Finally, techno-economic and environmental elements for industrial processing with enzyme catalyzed bioelectrochemical system (e-BES) are anticipated, in order to provide useful strategies for further development of this technology.

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Section: Criteria and Cost Elements For Industrial Processing With E-besmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enzymatic Electrosynthesis: An Overview on the Progress in Enzyme- Electrodes for the Production of Electricity, Fuels and Chemicals

Satyawali¹

2013

J Microbial Biochem Technol

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“…1,2 The state-of-the-art technology of water electrolysis is based on a solid polymer electrolyte (SPE). 3 In comparison to the traditional device using alkaline solutions, SPE water electrolysis is more efficient in energy conversion and safer in application; 4 moreover, hydrogen can be directly produced with relatively high pressure and without further removal of alkaline media. 5,6 All these advantages are gained by employing thin, solid polymer films instead of thick, porous diaphragms, and by using pure water instead of concentrated alkaline solutions, which are highly corrosive to the device.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

First implementation of alkaline polymer electrolyte water electrolysis working only with pure water

Xiao

Zhang

Pan

et al. 2012

Energy Environ. Sci.

267

173

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“…[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] Specifically, to minimize capital expenditures, water electrolyzers are typically operated at high (>1 A cm À2 at 80-90 C) current densities. 2,8 In contrast, the unconcentrated solar photon flux would limit, under optimal operating conditions, the current density of an integrated membrane-based water photoelectrolysis device, in which electrocatalysts embedded in a membrane are deposited onto the surface of light-absorbing semiconductor structures, to <20 mA cm À2 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proton exchange membrane electrolysis sustained by water vapor

Spurgeon

Lewis

2011

Energy Environ. Sci.

128

105

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The current-voltage characteristics of a proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolyzer constructed with an IrRuO x water oxidation catalyst and a Pt black water reduction catalyst, under operation with water vapor from a humidified carrier gas, have been investigated as a function of the gas flow rate, the relative humidity, and the presence of oxygen. The performance of the system with water vapor was also compared to the performance when the device was immersed in liquid water. With a humidified Ar(g) input stream at 20C, an electrolysis current density of 10 mA cm À2 was sustained at an applied voltage of $1.6 V, with a current density of 20 mA cm À2 observed at $1.7 V. In the system evaluated, at current densities >40 mA cm À2 the electrolysis of water vapor was limited by the mass flux of water to the PEM. At <40 mA cm À2 , the electrolysis of water vapor supported a given current density at a lower applied bias than did the electrolysis of liquid water. The relative humidity of the input carrier gas strongly affected the current-voltage behavior, with lower electrolysis current density attributed to dehydration of the PEM at reduced humidity values. The results provide a proof-of-concept that, with sufficiently active catalysts, an efficient solar photoelectrolyzer could be operated only with water vapor as the feedstock, even at the low operating temperatures that may result in the absence of active heating. This approach therefore offers a route to avoid the light attenuation and mass transport limitations that are associated with bubble formation in these systems.

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Space water electrolysis: space station through advanced missions

Cited by 33 publications

References 2 publications

Enzymatic Electrosynthesis: An Overview on the Progress in Enzyme- Electrodes for the Production of Electricity, Fuels and Chemicals

Enzymatic Electrosynthesis: An Overview on the Progress in Enzyme- Electrodes for the Production of Electricity, Fuels and Chemicals

First implementation of alkaline polymer electrolyte water electrolysis working only with pure water

Proton exchange membrane electrolysis sustained by water vapor

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