Spallation residues in the reactionFe56+pat0.3A,0.5A

Abstract

-The spallation residues produced in the bombardment of 56 F e at 1.5, 1.0, 0.75, 0.5 and 0.3 A GeV on a liquid-hydrogen target have been measured using the reverse kinematics technique and the Fragment Separator at GSI (Darmstadt). This technique has permitted the full identification in charge and mass of all isotopes produced with cross-sections larger than 10 −2 mb down to Z = 8. Their individual production cross-sections and recoil velocities at the five energies are presented. Production cross-sections are compared to previously existing data and to empirical parametric formulas, often used in cosmic-ray astrophysics. The experimental data are also extensively compared to different combinations of intra-nuclear cascade and de-excitation models. It is shown that the yields of the lightest isotopes cannot be accounted for by standard evaporation models. The GEMINI model, which includes an asymmetric fission decay mode, gives an overall good agreement with the data. These experimental data can be directly used for the estimation of composition modifications and damages in materials containing iron in spallation sources. They are also useful for improving high precision cosmic-ray measurements.

Multifragmentation in Reactions of 1-GeV Protons with Iron Nuclei

“…1, show that the residue charge distributions predicted by the INCL4.5/ABLA07 and INCL4.5/GEMINI++ models are in good agreement with the experimental data [5,6,7]; this is a necessary condition to discuss the importance of multifragmentation for this reaction. The calculated cross sections are sums over the isotopes measured by Villagrasa et al [5]. The INCL4.5/GEMINI++ prediction slightly overestimates the measured IMF yields, in the range 5 A 20; this used not to be the case with older versions of the models [7].…”

“…The focus of the paper is on the well-studied 1-GeV p + 56 Fe system [5,6,7]. This reaction is expected to provide the optimal conditions for this study, since it can give rise to cascade remnants that are at the same time highly-excited and relatively massive.…”

Measurement and simulation of the cross sections for nuclide production in 56Fe and natCr targets irradiated with 0.04- to 2.6-GeV protons

“…(2)- (5) and the proton fluence for the irradiated sample is determined by Eqs. (6) and (7). The formulas for uncertainties in the reaction rates were considered in detail in [3].…”

“…Almost all data were obtained by the direct kinematic method; i.e., thin targets were irradiated by protons with various energies ( 1 Н → 56 Fe, nat Cr). On the other hand, [6], (•) [7], ( ) [18][19][20][21][22], (♦) [23], and ( ) [24]. Lines 1,2,3,4,5,6 we would like to attract attention to the study reported in [7], where the independent cross sections for nuclide production on 56 Fe were measured by the inverse kinematic method ( 56 Fe → 1 Н) at the ion energies of 300, 500, 750, 1000, and 1500 MeV/A.…”

“…On the other hand, [6], (•) [7], ( ) [18][19][20][21][22], (♦) [23], and ( ) [24]. Lines 1,2,3,4,5,6 we would like to attract attention to the study reported in [7], where the independent cross sections for nuclide production on 56 Fe were measured by the inverse kinematic method ( 56 Fe → 1 Н) at the ion energies of 300, 500, 750, 1000, and 1500 MeV/A. The comparison and analysis of the data obtained in direct (ITEP) and inverse (GSI) kinematics were made in [8].…”