Spanish Satureja montana L. hydrolate: Ecotoxicological study in soil and water non-target organisms

Pino-Otín, María Rosa; Navarro, J. L. Alcántara; Val, Jonatan; Roig, Francisco J.; Mainar, Ana M.; Ballestero, Diego

doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2022.114553

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 84 publications

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“…The volatile organic compound content of the hydrolate, previously analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, revealed the presence of one alcohol and six terpenoids, with carvacrol (89.03%) and thymol (6.66%) being the most abundant, and terpinen-4-ol (1.34%), 1-octen-3-ol (1.02%), borneol (0.99%), 1,8-cineole (0.56%) and linalool (0.41%) being found to a much lesser extent 52 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The effect of S. montana hydrolate on communities of non-target microorganisms is currently unknown. However, it has been shown that hydrolate can produce environmental impact at low concentrations on individual non-target bioindicators in both water and soil 52 . The survival of the invertebrate Daphnia magna is affected by exposure to the hydrolate, as is that of the bacterium Vibrio fisheri .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Antibiotic properties of Satureja montana L. hydrolate in bacteria and fungus of clinical interest and its impact in non-target environmental microorganisms

Pino-Otín

Gan

Terrado

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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The aim of this study was to analyse the microbicidal and microbiostatic activity of S. montana hydrolate L., the water-soluble fraction of the hydro-distillation process used to obtain the essential oil, on 14 Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and a fungus of clinical interest. To consider whether this hydrolate is a more environmentally friendly alternative to traditional antibiotics, its effect on non-target microorganisms in the aquatic and terrestrial environment was analysed using natural soil and river microorganism communities, characterized through 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Results showed that S. montana hydrolate was especially effective (25% v/v concentration) against Pasteurella aerogenes, Streptococcus agalactiae and Acinetobacter baumannii (priority 1, WHO). It was also a microbicide for a further 7 bacterial strains and the fungus Candida albicans (50% v/v concentration). The river and soil communities exposed to the hydrolate showed a decrease in their growth, as well as a decrease in their ability to metabolize polymers and carbohydrates (soil microorganisms) and polymers, carboxylic and ketone acids (river microorganisms). Hydrolates could be an alternative to conventional antibiotics, but their impact on the environment must be taken into account.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibiotic properties of Satureja montana L. hydrolate in bacteria and fungus of clinical interest and its impact in non-target environmental microorganisms

Pino-Otín

Gan

Terrado

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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“…To our knowledge, no information on the resistancegenerating capacity of synergies between pure natural products and antibiotics has been reported. Moreover, there are many studies analysing the environmental impact of ABXs on non-target organisms in water and soil [96,105,106], but fewer on the impacts of natural products [107,108]; hardly anything is known about the impact of synergies.…”

Section: Future Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synergistic Activity of Thymol with Commercial Antibiotics against Critical and High WHO Priority Pathogenic Bacteria

Gan

Langa

Ballestero

et al. 2023

Plants

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The use of synergistic combinations between natural compounds and commercial antibiotics may be a good strategy to fight against microbial resistance, with fewer side effects on human, animal and environmental, health. The antimicrobial capacity of four compounds of plant origin (thymol and gallic, salicylic and gentisic acids) was analysed against 14 pathogenic bacteria. Thymol showed the best antimicrobial activity, with MICs ranging from 125 µg/mL (for Acinetobacter baumannii, Pasteurella aerogenes, and Salmonella typhimurium) to 250 µg/mL (for Bacillus subtilis, Klebsiella aerogenes, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Serratia marcescens, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus agalactiae). Combinations of thymol with eight widely used antibiotics were studied to identify combinations with synergistic effects. Thymol showed synergistic activity with chloramphenicol against A. baumannii (critical priority by the WHO), with streptomycin and gentamicin against Staphylococcus aureus (high priority by the WHO), and with streptomycin against Streptococcus agalactiae, decreasing the MICs of these antibiotics by 75% to 87.5%. The kinetics of these synergies indicated that thymol alone at the synergy concentration had almost no effect on the maximum achievable population density and very little effect on the growth rate. However, in combination with antibiotics at the same concentration, it completely inhibited growth, confirming its role in facilitating the action of the antibiotic. The time–kill curves indicated that all the combinations with synergistic effects were mainly bactericidal.

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“…The protocol developed by Fiskesjö (1993) [120] was followed to conduct A. cepa acute toxicity tests, consisting of the measurement of root elongation after 72 h of exposure to the test substance [44]. Because it has a suitable amount of calcium and magnesium ions for the plant to grow properly [44,151], mineral water from Aguas de San Martín de Veri S.A. (https://www.veri.es/es/el-producto, accessed 18 September 2022) from Spain was used as the growing medium for the bulbs, which were put in 15 mL tubes. Twelve replicates of each concentration (0.2, 2, 20, 100, and 500 mg/L) were used in ecotoxicological studies.…”

Section: Allium Cepa Assaymentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecotoxicological Study of Tannic Acid on Soil and Water Non-Target Indicators and Its Impact on Fluvial and Edaphic Communities

Pino-Otín,

Lorca,

Val

et al. 2023

Plants

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Tannic acid (TA) is a key tannin extensively used in the leather industry, contributing to around 90% of global leather production. This practice leads to the generation of highly polluting effluents, causing environmental harm to aquatic ecosystems. Additionally, tannins like TA degrade slowly under natural conditions. Despite efforts to reduce pollutant effluents, limited attention has been devoted to the direct environmental impact of tannins. Moreover, TA has garnered increased attention mainly due to its applications as an antibacterial agent and anti-carcinogenic compound. However, our understanding of its ecotoxicological effects remains incomplete. This study addresses this knowledge gap by assessing the ecotoxicity of TA on non-target indicator organisms in both water (Vibrio fischeri, Daphnia magna) and soil environments (Eisenia foetida, Allium cepa), as well as natural fluvial and edaphic communities, including periphyton. Our findings offer valuable insights into TA’s ecotoxicological impact across various trophic levels, underscoring the need for more comprehensive investigations in complex ecosystems. Our results demonstrate that TA exhibits ecotoxicity towards specific non-target aquatic organisms, particularly V. fischeri and D. magna, and phytotoxicity on A. cepa. The severity of these effects varies, with V. fischeri being the most sensitive, followed by D. magna and A. cepa. However, the soil-dwelling invertebrate E. foetida shows resistance to the tested TA concentrations. Furthermore, our research reveals that substantial TA concentrations are required to reduce the growth of river microbial communities. Metabolic changes, particularly in amino acid and amine metabolism, are observed at lower concentrations. Notably, the photosynthetic yield of river periphyton remains unaffected, even at higher concentrations. In contrast, soil microbial communities exhibit greater sensitivity, with significant alterations in population growth and metabolic profiles at a very low concentration of 0.2 mg/L for all metabolites. In summary, this study offers valuable insights into the ecotoxicological effects of TA on both aquatic and terrestrial environments. It underscores the importance of considering a variety of non-target organisms and complex communities when assessing the environmental implications of this compound.

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Spanish Satureja montana L. hydrolate: Ecotoxicological study in soil and water non-target organisms

Cited by 10 publications

References 84 publications

Antibiotic properties of Satureja montana L. hydrolate in bacteria and fungus of clinical interest and its impact in non-target environmental microorganisms

Antibiotic properties of Satureja montana L. hydrolate in bacteria and fungus of clinical interest and its impact in non-target environmental microorganisms

Synergistic Activity of Thymol with Commercial Antibiotics against Critical and High WHO Priority Pathogenic Bacteria

Ecotoxicological Study of Tannic Acid on Soil and Water Non-Target Indicators and Its Impact on Fluvial and Edaphic Communities

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