A numerical study was performed to explicate the structure of non-premixed swirl-stabilized CH4/H2 flames. Swirl-stabilized flames involve a highly
complex interaction between turbulence and chemistry that leads to
another level of difficulty in modeling. In such cases, the large
eddy simulation with a conditional moment closure (CMC) would be a
promising tool. However, to achieve results with minimal computational
effort without compromising on accuracy, the Reynolds stress model
(RSM) with CMC was used in this study. The OpenFOAM-based CMC solver
(cmcFoam) earlier proposed by us (Gaikwad and Sreedhara,
2019) was employed to achieve an optimized coupling between RSM and
CMC. Three-dimensional (3D) simulations were performed using a transient
compressible RSM with the detailed chemical kinetic mechanism, GRI-Mech
3.0, involving 36 species and 219 chemical reactions (excluding NO
x
chemistry). Results predicted by RSM were
compared with the measured data. A good agreement between predicted
results and the measured data were achieved by the RSM–CMC
method in both conditional and physical spaces. The main features
of the swirl-stabilized flame, such as flow recirculation and vortex
breakdown, were captured well. The complex structure of the swirl-stabilized
flame, which results from the interaction of a swirling flow with
fuel jets, has been described in detail with the help of contours
of pressure gradient and Reynolds stress. A probable local extinction
region was found near the necking zone of the flame, in the outer
layer of the toroidal recirculating bubble, where high values of tangential
stresses exist. This region is accompanied by a higher hydrodynamic
strain rate, a lower hydroxyl mass fraction, and a lower Damköhler
number (Da). The predicted features of the swirl-stabilized
flame will be helpful in understanding the structure of more complex
industrial problems.