Spartina × Townsendii H. &amp; J. Groves Sensu Lato

Goodman, P. J.; Braybrooks, E. M.; Marchant, C. J.; Lambert, J. M.

doi:10.2307/2258225

Cited by 22 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…S. anglica is able to spread in three ways: clonal growth, dislodging of rhizome fragments and seed dispersal. Both, fragments and seeds may drift with tidal currents into new habitats (Goodman et al 1969). Ko¨nig (1948) concluded that this neophyte spreads most effectively by seeds.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is spread of the neophyte Spartina anglica recently enhanced by increasing temperatures?

2006

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The introduced cordgrass Spartina anglica, a fertile hybrid of S. maritima and S. alterniflora, grows as a pioneer plant in the upper intertidal zone and has invaded most sheltered shorelines of the Wadden Sea. After its introduction in 1927 S. anglica has spread vigorously along the mainland shore and on some of the more southern islands. In contrast, it has later established on Sylt and spread at a lower pace. On the island of Sylt it occurs near at its northern limit in Europe. Due to rising sea level and storm frequency a decrease or steady state of S. anglica was expected because its niche is narrowing rather than widening and plants are more frequently eroded. Contrary to that, many new sites were colonized and dense monotypic swards have formed after 1985. This new spread coincided with a shift in the local temperature regime around 1987. The monthly mean temperature from January to April has increased significantly after 1987. Furthermore, the important physiological thresholds of 4°C for germination and 7°C for photosynthesis were more often exceeded during spring after 1987 than before. We suggest that warmer spring seasons since 1988 could have promoted germination, growth and the recent accelerated spread of this neophyte.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is spread of the neophyte Spartina anglica recently enhanced by increasing temperatures?

2006

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“…The hybrid first occurred near Hythe in Southampton Water sometime before 1870 and was first recognized in 1878 and named S. townsendii (Groves & Groves 1880). The fertile amphiploid, S. anglica, arose around 1890 and successfully colonized a zone of mudflats not occupied by its parents but by scattered populations of Salicornia (Hubbard 1957;Goodman et al 1969) Subsequent invasion was rapid, both by natural spread and by widespread introductions (Doody 1984).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular evidence for the maternal parentage in the hybrid origin of Spartina anglica C.E. Hubbard

1997

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Spartina anglica is a textbook example of a natural amphiploid, which originated from hybridization between S. alterniflora and S. maritima. Which of these species was the maternal parent has remained a mystery. Inheritance of chloroplast DNA in most angiosperms is strictly maternal and can thus be used to test the parentage of hybrid taxa. The DNA sequence of the chloroplast leucine tRNA gene intron was used to show that the introduced North American S. alterniflora is the female parent of the F1 hybrid S. x townsendii and the amphiploid S. anglica. A possible scenario for their origin is given.

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“…The 35 (RARROSO et al 1997) and40 (GOODMAN 1996) MYBP datings for this divergence were obtained through applying an arbitrary correction factor of 25/22 to the age of fossils considered relevant to the divergence between Old and New World monkeys. This correction factor (GOODMAN et al 1998) was derived from a postulated age of 25 MY for the divergence between Cercopithecoidea and Hominoidea, divided by the age (22 MY) of the oldest fossils (Kenyupithecus, Victoriapithectts) assumed to be related to this split. The divergence between Catarrhini and Platyrrhini was then estimated to have occurred either z 35 or % 40 MYBP, depending on whether the age of certain platyrrhine fossils (Branisella; x 30 MY) or of the African (Fayum) fossil Catopithecus ( FZ 35 MY) were used in the calculation.…”

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confidence: 99%

Molecular Estimates of Primate Divergences and new Hypotheses for Primate Dispersal and the Origin of Modern Humans*

et al. 2004

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The concept of recent hominoid divergences has been a mainstay in molecular primatology since the 1970's. However, the ages allocated to the calibration points used to establish these divergence times and the estimates resulting from their application, notably the commonly accepted divergence between Pan (chimpanzees) and Homo 5 million years before present (MYBP), are now palaeontologically refutable. Here we estimate the ages of various primate divergences using three references with a more detailed fossil record than any of the traditional primate calibration points. Our findings suggest that the latter yield datings that are too recent by a factor of about two. For example, our estimates place the divergence between Pan and Homo 10.5-13 MYBP. The revised estimates of primate divergence times suggest a new hypothesis for primate evolution and dispersal: that the divergence between strepsirhines (lorises, lemurs) and anthropoids was contemporary with the break-up of Southern continents about 90 MYBP, with strepsirhines becoming isolated on Madagascar and later dispersing to Africa (and Asia) and anthropoids evolving in South America and subsequently colonizing Africa (and Asia), or possibly North America. In addition we present a new hypothesis, which accommodates the strikingly similar coalescence times for human mitochondrial DNA and the Y-chromosome. This hypothesis posits a common mitochondrial and Y-chromosome bottleneck about 400,000 years ago, associated with the origination of the human 2n = 46 karyotype, obstructing genetic exchange with the 2n = 48 Homo contemporaries.

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Spartina × Townsendii H. & J. Groves Sensu Lato

Cited by 22 publications

References 0 publications

Is spread of the neophyte Spartina anglica recently enhanced by increasing temperatures?

Is spread of the neophyte Spartina anglica recently enhanced by increasing temperatures?

Molecular evidence for the maternal parentage in the hybrid origin of Spartina anglica C.E. Hubbard

Molecular Estimates of Primate Divergences and new Hypotheses for Primate Dispersal and the Origin of Modern Humans*

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