Spatial analysis of heavy metals in mangrove estuary at east coast peninsular Malaysia: a preliminary study

Abstract

The objectives of this preliminary study are to determine heavy metal concentration in mangrove estuary and to identify spatial patterns in the water quality based on heavy metals concentration. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) were selected to analyze the dataset of six heavy metal parameters namely: Ni, Cu, Pb, Cd, J Fundam Appl Sci. 2017, 9(2S), 680-697 681 This study presents the obligation and expediency of environmetric for the understanding of datasets directing to gain better information about water quality patterns in mangrove estuary based on spatial characterizations at the selected monitoring stations.

Mapping the Link between Climate Change and Mangrove Forest: A Global Overview of the Literature

“…The scientific community has conducted extensive research on mangroves covering a variety of topics. This includes the origin, biology, and growth history of mangroves [9], biogeographic distribution and biodiversity of mangroves [10,11], physical characteristics and hydrodynamics [12,13], rehabilitation, restoration and conservation strategies of mangrove ecosystem [14,15], mangrove mapping using remote sensing [16][17][18], chemical characteristics and carbon sequestration [19][20][21], a mangrove ecosystem and its associated biodiversity [22,23], secondary metabolites and valuable bioactive compounds derived from a mangrove forest [24,25], deforestation and exploitation of a mangrove forest [26], economic analysis and management strategies [27], the impact of climate change, and nutrient and soil pollution on the mangrove ecosystem [28,29]. There have also been several highly cited review articles on mangroves, such as the review on mangrove ecosystems and rehabilitation [14], mangrove carbon dynamics [30], socio-economics, ethnobiology and management of mangroves [31], carbon cycling and storage [32], and the impact of rising sea levels on mangroves [33].…”

Assessment of Marine Water Quality Index in Mangrove Estuarine: Case Study in Setiu River Estuary

“…In Malaysia, research involving marine water quality in mangroves ecosystem is not well-recorded and only a little information is known concerning the marine water quality of the mangroves distribution compared to the requirements of the Department of Environment, Malaysia (DOE). Generally, the mangrove systems (river, estuary and wetland) obtain numerous pollutants and have become an immense pollution sink in recent decades [1]. The water quality index (WQI) has been contemplated to give criteria for surface water classification based on the use of standard parameters for water characterization [2].…”