Spatial and Molecular Epidemiology of Giardia intestinalis Deep in the Amazon, Brazil

Nunes, Beatriz Coronato; Pavan, Márcio G.; Jaeger, Lauren Hubert; Monteiro, Kerla Joeline Lima; Xavier, Samanta Cristina das Chagas; Monteiro, Fernando A.; Bóia, Márcio Neves; Carvalho-Costa, Filipe Aníbal

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0158805

Cited by 25 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 26 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Similar A/B proportions have been previously reported in individuals of paediatric age in the State of Santa Catarina [69], in Amerindian children in the State of Amazonas [70], in deprived communities in the State of São Paulo [57], and in patients attending a hospital setting in Rio de Janeiro [71]. Interestingly, the presence of assemblage A, but not assemblage B, has been described in a few epidemiological surveys targeting clinical patients in the State of São Paulo [72], and paediatric populations [73] and people from disadvantaged communities seeking medical care [74] in Rio de Janeiro.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Prevalence of intestinal parasites, with emphasis on the molecular epidemiology of Giardia duodenalis and Blastocystis sp., in the Paranaguá Bay, Brazil: a community survey

et al. 2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundIntestinal protozoan parasites are major contributors to the global burden of gastrointestinal disease causing significant socioeconomic consequences. Children living in resource-poor settings with restricted access to water and sanitary services are particularly at risk of these infections.MethodsA prospective, community-based, cross-sectional survey was conducted in Paraná (southern Brazil) between May 2015 and May 2016. A total of 766 stool samples were individually collected from volunteers (male/female ratio: 0.99; age range: 0–76 years) and used for investigating the presence of intestinal helminth and protozoan species by routine microscopic procedures including the Kato-Katz and modified Ritchie concentration methods and the Ziehl-Neelsen stain technique. Quantitative real-time PCR confirmed microscopy-positive samples for Giardia duodenalis and the assemblages and sub-assemblages determined by multilocus sequence-based genotyping of the glutamate dehydrogenase (gdh) and β-giardin (bg) genes of the parasite. Identification of Blastocystis subtypes was carried out by amplification and sequencing of a partial fragment of the small-subunit ribosomal RNA gene (SSU rDNA) of this heterokont microorganism.ResultsOverall, 46.1% (353/766) of the participants were infected/colonised by at least one intestinal parasite/commensal species. Protozoan and helminth species were detected in 42.7% and 10.1% of the surveyed population, respectively. Blastocystis sp. (28.2%), Endolimax nana (14.9%), and Giardia duodenalis (11.0%) were the most prevalent species found among protozoans and Ascaris lumbricoides (5.0%), Trichuris trichiura (4.6%) and hookworms (1.0%) among helminths. A total of 38 G. duodenalis-positive samples were genotyped at gdh and bg markers, revealing the presence of the sub-assemblages AII (47.4%), AII/AIII (2.6%), BIII (5.3%), BIV (26.3%) and BIII/BIV (13.1%). Two samples (5.3%) were only identified as assemblage B. AII was predominantly found in females aged 5–9 years and was associated with a higher likelihood of reporting gastrointestinal symptoms. A total of 102 Blastocystis-positive samples were successfully subtyped at the SSU rRNA gene revealing the presence of ST1 (36.3%), ST2 (15.7%), ST3 (41.2%), ST4 (2.9%), ST6 (1.0%) and ST8 (2.9%).ConclusionsData presented here indicate that enteric parasites still represent a pressing health concern in Paraná, Brazil, probably due to sub-optimal water, sanitation and hygiene conditions. A mostly anthroponotic origin is suspected for G. duodenalis and Blastocystis sp. infections.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s13071-018-3054-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Prevalence of intestinal parasites, with emphasis on the molecular epidemiology of Giardia duodenalis and Blastocystis sp., in the Paranaguá Bay, Brazil: a community survey

et al. 2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“… a Identified by Qi et al [17] b Identified by Coronato Nunes et al [37] c Identified by Karim et al [2]…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The presence of Giardia intestinalis in donkeys, Equus asinus, in China

Zhang

et al. 2017

Parasites Vectors

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background Giardia intestinalis is one of the most important zoonotic enteric parasites. As no information regarding prevalence and genotype of G. intestinalis in donkeys (Equus asinus) in China is available, 181 faecal samples from 48 donkeys from Jilin Province, from 104 from Shandong Province and from 29 from Liaoning Province were examined between May and December 2015.FindingsTwenty-eight (15.47%) out of 181 donkey samples were tested G. intestinalis-positive by nested amplification of the triosephosphate isomerase (tpi) gene. The prevalence in different regional groups varied from 10.42 to 18.27%. The prevalence in adult and young donkeys was 14.29 and 22.92%, respectively. Otherwise, the prevalence was 11.69% in summer and 18.27% in winter. However, no statistically significant differences were found in relation to region or age group. Sequence analysis of the tpi, glutamate dehydrogenase (gdh) and beta giardin (bg) loci identified 4, 1 and 3 subtypes of assemblage B, respectively. Moreover, four novel multilocus genotypes (MLGs novel-1 to novel-4) were identified in assemblage B.ConclusionsThis first report of G. intestinalis in donkeys in China indicates that further studies of nation-wide molecular epidemiology and geographical distribution of Giardia in donkeys are warranted. Effective strategies should be implemented to control G. intestinalis infection in donkeys, other animals and humans.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13071-016-1936-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

show abstract

“…Within these assemblages, sub-assemblages (AI-AIII and BIII-BIV) have been established (Faria et al, 2017;Lasek-Nesselquist, Mark Welch & Sogin, 2010;Ryan & Cacciò, 2013). In Latin America, similar frequencies of assemblages A and B were observed in Brazil (Coronato Nunes et al, 2016) and Cuba (Pelayo et al, 2008), while the frequencies of the AI, AII, AIII, BIII and BIV sub-assemblages varied in Brazil, Argentina, Peru, Colombia and Mexico (Coronato Nunes et al, 2016;Minvielle et al, 2008;Molina et al, 2011;Perez Cordon et al, 2008;Sánchez et al, 2017;Torres-Romero et al, 2014). On the other hand, members of the genus Blastocystis can be classified into 17 subtypes (STs) (Stensvold et al, 2007) based on polymorphisms of 18S rDNA (Scicluna, Tawari & Clark, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Molecular detection and genotyping of intestinal protozoa from different biogeographical regions of Colombia

Higuera

Villamizar

Herrera

et al. 2020

PeerJ

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Intestinal parasitic protozoa represent a serious problem of public health particularly in developing countries. Protozoa such as Blastocystis, Giardia intestinalis, Entamoeba histolytica and Cryptosporidium spp. are associated with diarrheal symptoms. In Colombia, there is little region-specific data on the frequency and circulating genotypes/species of these microorganisms. Therefore, the main objective of our study was to employ molecular detection and genotyping of G. intestinalis and Blastocystis, Cryptosporidium and Entamoeba spp. in samples from different biogeographical regions of Colombia. Methods: We collected 649 human fecal samples from five biogeographical regions of Colombia: the Amazon, Andean, Caribbean, Orinoco and Pacific regions. Blastocystis, G. intestinalis, Cryptosporidium spp. and Entamoeba complex were detected by microscopy and conventional PCR. Molecular genotyping was conducted to identify Blastocystis subtypes (STs) (18s), G. intestinalis assemblages (triose phosphate isomerase and glutamate dehydrogenase) and Cryptosporidium species (18s). Genetic diversity indices were determined using dnasp.5. Results: We detected G. intestinalis in 45.4% (n = 280) of samples, Blastocystis in 54.5% (n = 336) of samples, Cryptosporidium spp. in 7.3% (n = 45) of samples, Entamoeba dispar in 1.5% (n = 9) of samples, and Entamoeba moshkovskii in 0.32% (n = 2) of samples. Blastocystis STs 1-4, 8 and 9 and G. intestinalis assemblages AII, BIII, BIV, D and G were identified. The following Cryptosporidium species were identified: C. hominis, C. parvum, C. bovis, C. andersoni, C. muris, C. ubiquitum and C. felis. The Caribbean region had the highest frequency for each of the microorganisms evaluated (91.9% for G. duodenalis, 97.3% for Blastocystis, 10.8% for Cryptosporidium spp., 13.5% for E. dispar and 2.7% for E. moshkovskii). The Orinoco region had a high frequency of Blastocystis (97.2%) and the Andean region had a high frequency of G. intestinalis (69.4%). High and active transmission was apparent in several regions of the country, implying that mechanisms for prevention and control of intestinal parasitosis in different parts of the country must be improved. . 2014. Blastocystis sp. frequency and sources among children from 0 to 5 years of age attending public day care centers in Calarca. A novel, multi-parallel, real-time polymerase chain reaction approach for eight gastrointestinal parasites provides improved diagnostic capabilities to resource-limited at-risk populations.

show abstract

Spatial and Molecular Epidemiology of Giardia intestinalis Deep in the Amazon, Brazil

Cited by 25 publications

References 26 publications

Prevalence of intestinal parasites, with emphasis on the molecular epidemiology of Giardia duodenalis and Blastocystis sp., in the Paranaguá Bay, Brazil: a community survey

Prevalence of intestinal parasites, with emphasis on the molecular epidemiology of Giardia duodenalis and Blastocystis sp., in the Paranaguá Bay, Brazil: a community survey

The presence of Giardia intestinalis in donkeys, Equus asinus, in China

Molecular detection and genotyping of intestinal protozoa from different biogeographical regions of Colombia

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About