Spatial and Temporal Changes of Groundwater Level Induced by Thrust Faulting

Chia, Yeeping; Chiu, Jeng Jiann; Chiang, Yao; Lee, Tsai-Pin G; Liu, Chen‐Wuing

doi:10.1007/s00024-007-0293-5

Cited by 29 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…The 1995 Kobe earthquake (M6.9) of Japan changed the discharge rates of springs, water levels in wells, and radon concentrations in the groundwater [Fujimori et al, 1995;Tokunaga, 1999;Igarashi et al, 1995]. At 377 monitoring stations of well water in Taiwan, coseismic changes in groundwater level were observed in 276 wells after the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake (M7.6) [Chia et al, 2008]. Almost all of these affected wells were located within 50 km of the thrust fault, suggesting that hypocentral distance was an important control on whether a well was affected by the earthquake.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shallow crustal permeability enhancement in central Japan due to the 2011 Tohoku earthquake

Kinoshita

Kano

Ito

2015

Geophysical Research Letters

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Pore pressure decreased at the Kamioka mine in central Japan after the Tohoku earthquake (M9.0) on 11 March 2011, which can be attributed to a permeability increase. We focus on the Earth's tidal response before and after the earthquake to evaluate rock permeability change through hydraulic diffusivity change. If we assume a constant elastic modulus, hydraulic diffusivity is found to increase from 3.3 to 6.7 m 2 /s after the Tohoku earthquake. We also analyzed data before and after the 2007 Noto Hanto (M6.9) and 2008 Suruga Bay (M6.5) earthquakes, which yield no significant tidal response changes. We examined the amount of dynamic and static stress changes caused by these earthquakes and show that it is difficult to attribute the permeability enhancement solely to dynamic stress, and static stress change may also affect the permeability enhancement.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shallow crustal permeability enhancement in central Japan due to the 2011 Tohoku earthquake

Kinoshita

Kano

Ito

2015

Geophysical Research Letters

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“…It has been reported for a long time that large earthquakes can cause various hydrological responses, such as the variations in groundwater level (Akita and Matsumoto, 2001;Chia et al, 2008;Huang et al, 2004; S.H. ; T.-P. Liu et al, 1989;Niwa et al, 2012;Roeloffs, 1996;Sil, 2006), springs and stream discharge (Manga, 2001;Manga and Rowland, 2009;Manga et al, 2003;Mohr et al, 2012;Montgomery and Manga, 2003;Wang et al, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tidal response variation and recovery following the Wenchuan earthquake from water level data of multiple wells in the nearfield

Lai

Xue

et al. 2014

Tectonophysics

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An important dataset to emerge from the Wenchuan earthquake Fault Scientific Drilling project is direct measurement of the permeability evolution of a fault zone. In order to provide context for this new observation, we examined the evolution of tidal responses in the nearfield region (within~1.5 fault lengths) at the time of the mainshock. Previous work has shown that seismic waves can increase permeability in the farfield, but their effects in the nearfield are more difficult to discern. Close to an earthquake, hydrogeological responses are generally a combination of static and dynamic stresses. In this work, we examine the well water level data in the region of the large M w 7.9 Wenchuan earthquake and use the phase shift of tidal responses as a proxy for the permeability variations over time. We then compare the results with the coseismic water level pattern in order to separate out the dynamic and static effects. The coseismic water level pattern for observed steps coincident with the Wenchuan mainshock mainly tracks the expected static stress field. However, most of the wells that have resolvable tidal responses show permeability enhancement after this large earthquake regardless of whether the coseismic response for the well water level is increasing or decreasing, indicating permeability enhancement is a distinct process from static poroelastic strain.

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“…При изучении вариаций уровня воды при сильных землетрясениях основное внимание обычно уделяется их описанию с учетом гидрогеодинамических процессов их формирования в системе «скважина -водовмещающая порода» и общей оценке воздействия землетрясений на состояние флюидонасыщенной геологической среды. В работах последних лет [Besedina et al, 2016;Chia et al, 2008;Kitagawa et al, 2006;Shi et al, 2015;Wang, Manga, 2010;и др. ] рассмотрены результаты прецизионных измерений уровней воды с применением технических средств c высоким разрешением по частоте и показано многообразие проявлений гидрогеосейсмических вариаций уровней в скважинах, расположенных в основном на расстояниях более одной длины очага, т.е.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Earthquakes and Water

Wang

Manga

2009

Lecture Notes in Earth Sciences

135

141

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This paper describes the water level variations in wells YuZ-5 and E-1 in Kamchatka during the Zhupanovsky earthquake that occurred on January 30, 2016 (Mw=7.2, Н=180 km). The distances from the Zhupanovsky earthquake epicenter to wells E-1 and YuZ-5 were 70 and 80 km, respectively. In well YuZ-5, the water level raised by 9.4 cm during 45 minutes after the seismic wave arrival. This effect was caused by a combination of a co-seismic rise in the water level due to the volumetric compression of the water-bearing rocks during fracturing in the earthquake source and an impulse increase in the fluid pressure near the wellbore during the seismic shocks. We estimated the amplitude of the coseismic water level increase (h=7.3 cm) and the strain value resulting from the volumetric compression of the water-bearing rocks, which is consistent with the estimated value of the coseismic volumetric deformation in the area of the well at the depth of 500m: D1 = -4.510 -8 . This estimation was based on the model of the dislocation source in the homogeneous isotropic elastic half-space with the parameters of the Zhupanovsky earthquake focal mechanism. After the earthquake, the water level dropped for three months at an amplitude of about ~40 cm. In order to estimate the radius of the well sensitivity to the pressure drop source, we used the model of water level lowering that followed the pressure drop in the aquifer at a distance to the well as a result of the improved filtration properties of the water-bearing rocks after the seismic shocks. The estimated radius of the well sensitivity, R is 450 m. For 3.5 months before the Zhupanovsky earthquake, ~20 cm increase in the water level was observed, which is anomalous in comparison with the average seasonal variations of the water level, as shown by the long-term observations. In our opinion, such a rise in the water level occurred in the process of the earthquake preparation, and can thus be viewed as its precursor. In well E-1, a sequence of water level changes manifested a hydrogeodynamic precursor: the water level dropped at an increased rate for 21 days before the earthquake, and raised at an amplitude of 3.7 cm during one month after the earthquake. The hydrogeodynamic precursor detected in real time gave grounds for forecasting a highly probable strong earthquake at a distance of up to 350 km from wells E-1 within a month. This forecast was reported to the Kamchatka Branch of the Russian Expert Council (KB REC) on January 21, 2016. The Zhupanovsky earthquake occurred on January 30, 2016, and its magnitude, time and location correlated with the prediction. The case of this earthquake shows that the Kamchatka Branch of the Federal Research Center 'Geophysical Survey of RAS' has the system of water level observations and data processing, which is capable of diagnosing (close to real time and retrospectively) different types of hydrogeoseismic variations in the water level in wells in case of strong seismic events, and detecting the hydrogeodynamic precursors of strong earthquak...

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Spatial and Temporal Changes of Groundwater Level Induced by Thrust Faulting

Cited by 29 publications

References 32 publications

Shallow crustal permeability enhancement in central Japan due to the 2011 Tohoku earthquake

Shallow crustal permeability enhancement in central Japan due to the 2011 Tohoku earthquake

Tidal response variation and recovery following the Wenchuan earthquake from water level data of multiple wells in the nearfield

Earthquakes and Water

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