Spatial and Temporal Dynamics of Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus in Wild Rodents, Northern Italy

Tagliapietra, Valentina; Rosà, Roberto; Hauffe, Heidi C.; Laakkonen, Juha; Voutilainen, Liina; Vapalahti, Olli; Vaheri, Antti; Henttonen, Heikki; Rizzoli, Annapaola

doi:10.3201/eid1507.01524

Cited by 29 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…LCMV prevalence was not influenced by sex ( p > 0.001). Our results are in in agreement with data published by Tagliapiestra et al (2009) [23] but further analysis on a larger scale should be conducted.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

“…However, our results suggest that weight and sex interact and show a correlation with antibody prevalence in host populations [23, 34]. This is an indication of a horizontal transmission of LCMV by a mechanism that involves mainly males, such as infection by bite wounds inflicted during fighting [35].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Only when mice are exposed in utero to LCMV, they become persistently infected and shed the virus throughout their lives [24]. Increases in population density also increase the overlap between neighbouring home ranges, the number of contacts, and conflict between rodents and thus increase the potential for virus transmission [23, 33]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The impact of illegal waste sites on a transmission of zoonotic viruses

Duh

Hasic

Bužan

2017

Virol J

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BackgroundIllegal waste disposal impacts public health and causes aesthetic and environmental pollution. Waste disposed in places without permitted and controlled facilities can provide a ready source of nutrition and shelter for rodents and thus promote the spread of their ecto- and endoparasites. The presence of two distinct zoonotic viruses, lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) and tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV), was searched at illegal waste sites. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of infection with both viruses in rodents and to discuss the virus-rodent relations in such environments.MethodsRodents sampled between October 2011 and April 2013 at 7 locations in the Istrian peninsula, were identified morphologically and genetically to minimize misidentification. Serological and molecular techniques were used to determine seroprevalence of infection in rodents and to detect viral RNAs. Serological testing was performed by immune fluorescence assay for detection of LCMV and TBEV specific antibodies. Real-time RT PCR was used for the detection of LCMV nucleoprotein gene and TBEV 3′ non-coding region. Data were statistically analysed using SPSS statistic v2.0.ResultsOut of 82 rodent sera tested, the presence of LCMV antibodies was demonstrated in 24.93%. The highest prevalence of LCMV infection was found in commensal Mus musculus (47.37%), followed by 11.53%, 19.04% and 25% prevalence of infection in A. agrarius, A. flavicolis and A. sylvaticus, respectively. The highest prevalence of infection in rodents (53.33%) was found in locations with large waste sites and high anthropogenic influence. LCMV seroprevalence was significantly lower in rodents sampled from natural habitats. Viral nucleic acids were screened in 46 samples but yielded no amplicons of LCMV or TBEV. In addition, TBEV specific antibodies were not detected.ConclusionsIllegal waste sites have considerable impact on the area where they are located. Results have shown that the transmission of human pathogens can be significantly increased by the presence of waste sites. However, the pathogen must be endemic in the environment where the waste site is located. The introduction of a human pathogen as a consequence of the waste site in the area of interest could not be proven.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12985-017-0798-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

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The impact of illegal waste sites on a transmission of zoonotic viruses

Duh

Hasic

Bužan

2017

Virol J

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“…There appears to be a periodicity that may be influenced by, for example, masting events. Although some ecological characteristics of the yellow-necked mouse in Europe are distinct from the bank vole (i.e., it is mainly granivorous and geographically confined to temperate broadleaf and mixed forests), its population dynamics (e.g., increases in population density following mast seeding) are similar (Hansson 1985, Pucek et al 1993, Bujalska and Grü m 2008, Tagliapietra et al 2009). …”

Section: Regional and Temporal Host Population Dynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hantaviruses and Their Hosts in Europe: Reservoirs Here and There, But Not Everywhere?

Olsson

Leirs²,

Henttonen

2010

Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases

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Five hantaviruses are known to circulate among rodents in Europe, and at least two among insectivores. Four (Dobrava, Saaremaa, Seoul, and Puumala [PUUV] viruses) are clearly associated with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS). PUUV, the most common etiological agent of HFRS in Europe, is carried by the bank vole (Myodes glareolus), one of the most widespread and abundant mammal species in Europe. This host-virus system is among hantaviruses also the most studied one in Europe. However, HFRS incidence varies throughout the continent. The spatial as well as temporal variation in the occurrence of HFRS is linked to geographic differences in the population dynamics of the reservoir rodents in different biomes of Europe. While rodent abundance may follow mast seeding events in many parts of temperate Europe, in northern (N) Europe multiannual cycles in population density exist as the result of the interaction between rodent populations and specialist predator populations in a delayed density-dependent manner. The spatial distribution of hantaviruses further depends on parameters such as forest patch size and connectivity of the most suitable rodent habitats, and the conditions for the survival of the virus outside the host, as well as historical distribution patterns (phylogeographies) of hosts and viruses. In multiannually fluctuating populations of rodents, with population increases of great amplitude, one should expect a simultaneous build-up of recently hantavirus-infected (shedding) rodents. The increasing number of infectious, virus-shedding rodents leads to a rapid transmission of hantavirus across the rodent population, and to humans. Our review discusses these aspects for PUUV, the only European hantavirus for which there is a reasonable, yet still far from complete, ecological continental-wide understanding. We discuss how this information could translate to other European hantavirus-host systems, and where the most important questions lie for further research.

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“…In particular, larger numbers of hosts in mathematical models generally dilute the number of vector bites and in so doing also decrease transmission rates [10]. In only a few zoonotic pathogens, namely hantavirus and lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus, have positive associations been reported between host population density and infection prevalence [11,12]. A more complex, non-monotonic, relationship has been proposed for vector-borne infections based on a theoretical framework that incorporates behaviour and encompasses different kinds of transmission [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temperature and population density determine reservoir regions of seasonal persistence in highland malaria

et al. 2015

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A better understanding of malaria persistence in highly seasonal environments such as highlands and desert fringes requires identifying the factors behind the spatial reservoir of the pathogen in the low season. In these 'unstable' malaria regions, such reservoirs play a critical role by allowing persistence during the low transmission season and therefore, between seasonal outbreaks. In the highlands of East Africa, the most populated epidemic regions in Africa, temperature is expected to be intimately connected to where in space the disease is able to persist because of pronounced altitudinal gradients. Here, we explore other environmental and demographic factors that may contribute to malaria's highland reservoir. We use an extensive spatio-temporal dataset of confirmed monthly Plasmodium falciparum cases from 1995 to 2005 that finely resolves space in an Ethiopian highland. With a Bayesian approach for parameter estimation and a generalized linear mixed model that includes a spatially structured random effect, we demonstrate that population density is important to disease persistence during the low transmission season. This population effect is not accounted for in typical models for the transmission dynamics of the disease, but is consistent in part with a more complex functional form of the force of infection proposed by theory for vector-borne infections, only during the low season as we discuss. As malaria risk usually decreases in more urban environments with increased human densities, the opposite counterintuitive finding identifies novel control targets during the low transmission season in African highlands.

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Spatial and Temporal Dynamics of Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus in Wild Rodents, Northern Italy

Cited by 29 publications

References 30 publications

The impact of illegal waste sites on a transmission of zoonotic viruses

The impact of illegal waste sites on a transmission of zoonotic viruses

Hantaviruses and Their Hosts in Europe: Reservoirs Here and There, But Not Everywhere?

Temperature and population density determine reservoir regions of seasonal persistence in highland malaria

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