Spatial and temporal expression patterns of diverse Pin-II proteinase inhibitor genes in Capsicum annuum Linn

Tamhane, Vaijayanti A.; Giri, Ashok P.; Kumar, Pavan; Gupta, Vidya S.

doi:10.1016/j.gene.2009.04.012

Cited by 25 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…However, it cannot be ruled out that PIs accumulate in these tissues also as a defense response against phloem sap-feeding insects. PI-II inhibitors were shown to be elicited by aphid feeding in Capsicum annuum (Tamhane et al, 2009). We did not observe significant differences in aphid numbers on SPI-silenced lines in the field, although they were apparently higher on irSPI1/2a+b plants in Utah, but small effects on fitness or on other aphid species cannot be excluded.…”

Section: Spis Differ In Their Tissue Accumulation and Induction Patternsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serine Protease Inhibitors Specifically Defend Solanum nigrum against Generalist Herbivores but Do Not Influence Plant Growth and Development

et al. 2010

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Solanaceaeous taxa produce diverse peptide serine proteinase inhibitors (SPIs), known antidigestive defenses that might also control endogenous plant proteases. If and how a plant coordinates and combines its different SPIs for the defense against herbivores and if these SPIs simultaneously serve developmental functions is unknown. We examine Solanum nigrum's SPI profile, comprising four different active inhibitors, of which the most abundant proved to be novel, to understand their functional specialization in an ecological context. Transcript and activity characterization revealed tissuespecific and insect-elicited accumulation patterns. Stable and transient gene silencing of all four SPIs revealed different specificities for target proteinases: the novel SPI2c displayed high specificity for trypsin and chymotrypsin, while two other SPI2 homologs were highly active against subtilisin. In field and lab experiments, we found all four SPIs to display herbivoreand gene-specific defensive properties, with dissimilar effects on closely related species. However, we did not observe any clear developmental phenotype in SPI-silenced plants, suggesting that SPIs do not play a major role in regulating endogenous proteases under the conditions studied. In summary, specific single SPIs or their combinations defend S. nigrum against generalist herbivores, while the defense against herbivores specialized on SPI-rich diets requires other unknown defense mechanisms.

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Section: Spis Differ In Their Tissue Accumulation and Induction Patternsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serine Protease Inhibitors Specifically Defend Solanum nigrum against Generalist Herbivores but Do Not Influence Plant Growth and Development

et al. 2010

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“…Thus, if neo-or sub-functionalization had occurred in these genes, we would expect differences in substrate specificity, tissue localization, response to elicitors, or effects on herbivores. 13 Moreover, if some of these PIs play a physiological role in planta, plants silenced for single inhibitors or their combinations should display different growth-related or developmental phenotypes. Given that gene diversification represents an ongoing evolutionary process, it is also possible that these genes are in the process of diversification and exhibit functional overlap or multiple roles.…”

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confidence: 99%

The multiple functions of plant serine protease inhibitors

Hartl

Giri

Kaur

et al. 2011

Plant Signaling & Behavior

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Moreover, many plants express a number of different PIs and it was unknown if these proteins work synergistically as defenses or if they also have other functions. We recently identified four serine PIs (SPI) of Solanum nigrum and demonstrated that they differ substantially in substrate specificity, accumulation patterns, and their effect against different natural herbivorous insects in field-and glasshouse experiments. These differences suggest that SPIs have at least partially diversified to provide protection against different attackers. Although we could not detect effects on plant development or growth when silencing SPIs, gene-and tissue-specific expression patterns suggest multiple functions in generative tissues, including a possible involvement in development. The Function of PIs, Their Diversity and EvolutionDirected and tightly controlled proteolysis is a key cellular requirement for all domains of life. In Arabidopsis, the more than 800 proteases from 60 families highlight the importance of proteolytic processes in plants.

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“…Their expression increases upon wounding (Graham et al, 1985;Kong & Ranganathan, 2008) and they are constitutively made in reproductive organs, which seem well worth special protection (Atkinson et al, 1993). Furthermore, I20 inhibitors from pepper (Capsicum annuum) inhibit the gut proteases of the cotton bollworm (Helicoverpa armigera) in vitro (Tamhane et al, 2005;Joshi et al, 2014) and overexpression of different members of the I20 family confers increased resistance to insect pests in various species (Johnson et al, 1989;Tamhane et al, 2009;Dunse et al, 2010;Joshi et al, 2014), highlighting the potential of I20 inhibitors for crop improvement.…”

Section: Multidomain Inhibitors: the Pearl Necklacementioning

confidence: 99%

Juggling jobs: roles and mechanisms of multifunctional protease inhibitors in plants

Grosse‐Holz

Hoorn

2016

New Phytologist

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Multifunctional protease inhibitors juggle jobs by targeting different enzymes and thereby often controlling more than one biological process. Here, we discuss the biological functions, mechanisms and evolution of three types of multifunctional protease inhibitors in plants. The first type is double-headed inhibitors, which feature two inhibitory sites targeting proteases with different specificities (e.g. Bowman-Birk inhibitors) or even different hydrolases (e.g. aamylase/protease inhibitors preventing both early germination and seed predation). The second type consists of multidomain inhibitors which evolved by intragenic duplication and are released by processing (e.g. multicystatins and potato inhibitor II, implicated in tuber dormancy and defence, respectively). The third type consists of promiscuous inhibitory folds which resemble mouse traps that can inhibit different proteases cleaving the bait they offer (e.g. serpins, regulating cell death, and a-macroglobulins). Understanding how multifunctional inhibitors juggle biological jobs increases our knowledge of the connections between the networks they regulate. These examples show that multifunctionality evolved independently from a remarkable diversity of molecular mechanisms that can be exploited for crop improvement and provide concepts for protein design.

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Spatial and temporal expression patterns of diverse Pin-II proteinase inhibitor genes in Capsicum annuum Linn

Cited by 25 publications

References 57 publications

Serine Protease Inhibitors Specifically Defend Solanum nigrum against Generalist Herbivores but Do Not Influence Plant Growth and Development

Serine Protease Inhibitors Specifically Defend Solanum nigrum against Generalist Herbivores but Do Not Influence Plant Growth and Development

The multiple functions of plant serine protease inhibitors

Juggling jobs: roles and mechanisms of multifunctional protease inhibitors in plants

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